Tin dioxide
- Stannic oxide
- Zinnblüten
- Tin dioxide
- Zinnsäureanhydrid
- Tin white
Amorphous white powder or hexagonal, tetragonal or rhombic crystals
Fixed
6.95 g · cm -3 ( 20 ° C)
1630 ° C
- Insoluble in water
- Soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid and nitric acid
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Tin (IV ) oxide, and tin oxide is the main component of the mineral cassiterite ( cassiterite ), and so the main source of generation of pure tin.
Production and representation
Can tin ( IV) oxide by combustion in air of tin, by reaction of tin (IV ) chloride and the water (both as steam) at high temperatures, as well as by the reaction of tin with sulfuric acid and then gain with hydroxides.
Chemical Properties
The water-insoluble, amphoteric tin dioxide dissolves in strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or hydriodic acid to form the corresponding Hexahalogenstannaten:
With strong bases form the salts of partly free nonexistent Zinnsäuren H2 [ Sn (OH ) 6] and H2SnO3 ( metastannic (IV ) acid ). The corresponding alkali metal salts, such as Na2SnO3 or Na2 [ Sn ( OH) 6] are stable, such as the sodium stannate Na2 [ Sn ( OH) 6] are used in the dyeing industry.
Use
Tin ( IV ) oxide is used as a semiconductor component, such as together with antimony (III ) oxide as ATO Antimony tin oxide as well as a FTO ( Fluorine doped Tin Oxide ) for photovoltaics in the Grätzel cell. Also in optical fibers or LC displays - here it serves as a transparent electrically conductive layer - and in gas sensors, where it reacts with the change in resistance to all oxidizable gases or vapors, tin dioxide is employed. Further, it serves as a polishing powder of steel, glass and stone, as a white, transparent opacifiers in the production of ceramic glazes, milk glass and enamel, to seal cracks in the glass, and as a catalyst in chemical processes. Once used, tin ( IV) oxide as a glaze in the manufacture of pottery. Also as the electrode material in the melting of the inorganic glasses that are used. It is mainly used as a substitute for molybdenum electrodes in the melting of lead glasses.
Cassiterite