Tiruchirappalli district
The district Tiruchirappalli (Tamil: திருச்சிரப்பள்ளி மாவட்டம்; formerly Trichinopoly, short Tiruchi or Trichy ) is a district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Administrative center is the eponymous Tiruchirappalli, the fourth largest city of Tamil Nadu.
Geography
The district Tiruchirappalli is located in the central inland Tamil Nadu. Neighboring districts are in the North Salem, Perambalur in the northeast, Ariyalur in the east, Thanjavur and Pudukkottai in the southeast, Sivaganga and Madurai in the south, Dindigul in the southwest, Karur and Namakkal in the west to the northwest. The area of the district of Tiruchirappalli is 4,508 square kilometers.
The district Tiruchirappalli is drained by the Kaveri, the largest river in Tamil Nadu. In the river island of Srirangam in Tiruchirappalli, the Kaveri divides into two estuaries, one of which retains the name Kaveri and the other as Kollidam is known. A small area in the north is drained by the river Vellar. The area of the district of Tiruchirappalli is mostly flat, only occasionally rise jagged rocks, such as those on the Tiruchirappallis landmark, the rock fort is built out of the flat area. In the northeast, on the border of Salem district, the terrain rises to the Pachaimalai Mountains.
The district Perambalur is divided into the eight taluks Tiruchirappalli, Srirangam, Manapparai, Lalgudi, Manachanallur, Thuraiyur, Musiri and Thottiyam.
History
Uraiyur, today suburb Tiruchirappallis, was the capital of the early Chola rulers. It was mentioned in the 3rd century BC in the Ashoka inscriptions and in the 2nd century AD by the Greek geographer Claudius Ptolemy Orthura ( Ὄρθουρα ). Around the middle of the 9th century, the Cholas shifted their capital to Thanjavur. Mid-13th century the area came under the rule of the present district of the Hoysalas and a little later the resident in Madurai Pandyas. Beginning of the 14th century led Malik Kafur, a general of the Sultan of Delhi, a campaign to South India and established the Sultanate of Madurai. Even the area of the district of Tiruchirappalli belonged to this short-lived state, before it was conquered by the kingdom of Vijayanagar in 1372. After the fall of Vijayanagar Tiruchirappalli came in the 16th century under the rule of the Nayaks of Madurai, who were appointed by the Vijayanagar rulers as military governor and now the power vacuum filled (see Nayak Dynasties ). Middle of the 17th century laid the Nayak rulers Chokkanatha his capital from Madurai to Tiruchirappalli. In the confusion that followed the end of the Nayak dynasty in 1736, Tiruchirappalli was under the rule of the Nawabs of Arcot. In the Karnataka - war (1744-1763) there were in the territory of present-day district to fighting between the British and the French, who were struggling for supremacy in South India, as well as their allies. In the aftermath Tiruchirappalli was more moving attacks by Hyder Ali, king of Mysore, and his son Tipu Sultan exposed. 1801 annex the British as the dominion of the Nawabs of Arcot.
After the area had become a part of British India, it was as a district Trichinpoly ( Tiruchirappalli ) incorporated into the province of Madras. The district initially covered the territory of the present districts of Tiruchirappalli, Karur, Perambalur and Ariyalur. After Indian independence also resolved the princely state of Pudukkottai was added to the District Tiruchirappalli. 1956, the district as part of the States Reorganization Act to the newly formed State of Madras, which now included the Tamil-speaking areas and was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. In the following years, the district Tiruchirappalli reduced by the creation of new districts: In 1974, the area of the former princely state of Pudukkottai was re-dissolved from the district of Tiruchirappalli to form with some areas of the district Thanjavur Pudukkottai the new district. In 1995, the District Tiruchirappalli was divided into the three districts of Tiruchirappalli, Karur and Perambalur. From Perambalur district, in turn, the District Ariyalur split off in 2001.
Population
According to the Indian census of 2011, the District Tiruchirappalli has 2,713,858 inhabitants. Compared to the last census in 2001 the population had grown by 12.2 per cent, which was slightly slower than in the center of Tamil Nadu ( 15.5 per cent). The population density is 602 inhabitants per square kilometer, slightly above the average of the state ( 555 inhabitants per square kilometer). 49.3 percent of the residents of District Tiruchirappalli live in cities. The degree of urbanization corresponds to the average of Tamil Nadu ( 48.5 per cent). The literacy rate is 83.6 percent above the average of the state ( 80.3 percent).
The population of the district are the Hindus according to the 2001 census, 84.4 percent majority. In addition, there are larger minorities of Christians ( 9.0 percent) and Muslims (6.5 per cent).