Tirunelveli district
The district Tirunelveli (Tamil: திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டம்; earlier Tinnevelly ) is a district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Administrative center is the eponymous city of Tirunelveli.
Geography
The district Tirunelveli is located in the south of Tamil Nadu. With 6,709 square kilometers Tirunelveli is geographically the second largest district of Tamil Nadu. The district stretches from the coast to the border of the neighboring Federal State of Kerala. Neighboring districts are in the north Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi in the East, Kanyakumari in the South West (all Tamil Nadu ), Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Pathanamthitta and Idukki in the west to the northwest (all Kerala ).
The landscape in the district of Tirunelveli is quite varied: In the south, the district proportion of the coast of the Gulf of Mannar. The terrain inland is mostly flat, rising in the west but to the Western Ghats of which form the natural border with Kerala. The forest areas in the mountains offer a refuge for wild animals such as elephants and tigers. In the west the district of Tirunelveli is the 895 km ² large Kalakkad - Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. The only year-round water-bearing river in the district area is the Tambaraparani. The other rivers such as the Pachaiyar and Chittar lead water only during the rainy season. Situated at the foot of the Western Ghats place Courtallam ( Kutralam ) is known for its waterfalls.
The climate of the district is semiarid and is determined by the location in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats: During the southwest monsoon in the summer months, the clouds rain out over the mountains, so that the location on the leeward side of Kerala receives abundant rainfall, while in on the windward side Tirunelveli is dry. Significant rains, there is only during the northeast monsoon from October to December.
The district Tirunelveli is divided into eleven taluks Sivagiri, Sankarankoil, Tenkasi, Shenkottai, Veerakeralamputhur, Alangulam, Tirunelveli, Ambasamudram, Palayamkottai, Nanguneri and Radhapuram.
History
In ancient and medieval times the area of Tirunelveli was most of the time from Madurai from controls: first to the 4th century and then again from the 12th century by the Pandyas in the 14th century by the short-lived Madurai Sultanate and then again from 16 century by the Nayaks of Madurai. In the confusion that followed the demise of the Nayak rule, the territory in 1743 came nominally under the control of the Nawabs of Arcot, but in fact exercised the power of local feudal lords. As of 1755, the British strove to bring Tirunelveli under their control. Definitively the area came in 1801 to British India when the Nawab of Arcot ceded his territory to the British.
When the British annexed the area as a district of Tinnevelly ( Tirunelveli ) in the Province of Madras. Initially, the district Tirunelveli covered a larger area than today. 1910 came the northern parts of the district of Tirunelveli along with areas from the district Madurai at the newly established District Ramanathapuram ( Ramnad ); Since 1985 they belong to the newly formed district Virudhunagar. After Indian independence, the district Tirunelveli came in the wake of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 to the newly formed State of Madras, which now included the Tamil-speaking areas and was later renamed in Tamil Nadu. It was also the Taluk Shenkottai who had previously belonged to Travancore, the State of Madras slammed because of its predominantly Tamil population and incorporated in the District of Tirunelveli. 1986 from the eastern part of the district of Tirunelveli, the new district Thoothukudi formed.
Population
According to the 2011 census, the district has Tirunelveli 3.07288 million inhabitants. Compared to the last 2001 census its population by 13.7 percent and thus slightly slower than in the middle of Tamil Nadu ( 15.5 per cent ) had grown. The population density is 458 inhabitants per square kilometer somewhat below the average of Tamil Nadu ( 555 inhabitants per square kilometer). 49.5 percent of the residents of the district Tirunelveli live in cities. The degree of urbanization corresponds to the average of the state ( 48.5 percent). The literacy rate is at 82.9 percent is slightly higher than the average of Tamil Nadu ( 80.3 per cent).
The population of the district of Tirunelveli make Hindus according to the 2001 census, 79.8 percent majority. This also includes many supporters of the resultant in the 19th century Ayyavali - belief, which has its focus in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. In official statistics, the Ayyavali trailers are counted among the Hindus, therefore, there are no accurate information as to their number. There are also in the district of Tirunelveli larger minorities of Christians ( 10.9 percent ) and Muslims (9.3 per cent).