Titanium(III) chloride

Titanium trichloride

Pyrophoric, violet crystals

Fixed

2.64 g · cm -3

440 ° C ( decomposition)

Decomposes in water with vigorous reaction

Risk

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Titanium (III ) chloride is a oxygen-sensitive chemical compound from the group of chlorides.

Production and representation

Titanium (III ) chloride is formed during the reduction of titanium ( IV) chloride, for example with titanium or antimony and in the reaction of titanium with hot hydrochloric acid.

For the preparation of α - titanium trichloride, titanium tetrachloride vapor is conducted in collaboration with a lot of hydrogen in a Heated to 500 ° C tube, forming this as a violet powder.

In inert organic media titanium tetrachloride with aluminum forms brown, crystalline β - titanium trichloride.

Properties

Titanium (III ) chloride is present in four different crystal structures.

α - titanium trichloride is present in bismuth triiodide - layer structure. At temperatures above 475 ° C, it disproportionates into titanium tetrachloride and titanium dichloride.

β - titanium trichloride is present in Zirconiumtriiodid structure. Without solvent, it is converted at about 250-300 ° C., in inert solvents at 40-80 ° C in α - titanium trichloride to.

Titanium trihalides such as all except Titantrifluorid includes titanium trichloride, due to the anti ferromagnetic titanium -titanium interactions only a small paramagnetism. The Néel temperature is 180 ° C.

With water form under oxygen exclusion unstable hydrates, the green tetrahydrate ( [Ti (H2O) 4Cl2 ] Cl ) and the violet hexahydrate ( [Ti (H2O ) 6] Cl3 ).

The standard enthalpy of formation is -721 kJ / mol, the Gibbs free energy is -654 kJ / mol, which Standardentropie 140 J / (mol · K) and the heat capacity of 97 J / (mol · K).

Use

Titanium (III ) chloride is used as a versatile reducing agent, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst and as an additive in bleaching compositions for textiles.

In Titanometrie trichloride solutions used as strong a reducing agent for the determination of iron ( III) ions, chromates, chlorates and perchlorates.

In test tubes titanium trichloride is used for the detection of oxygen.

Safety

Titanium (III ) chloride is pyrophoric and is corrosive. It reacts violently with oxidants and on contact with water.