Tofieldiaceae

Ordinary Sims lily ( Tofieldia calyculata ), illustration

The Sims Liliaceae ( Tofieldiaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of the plantain -like ( Alismatales ). This small family contains three to five genera with about 27 species. Its distribution area is located mainly in the northern hemisphere, except the South American Isidrogalvia.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

There are ( mostly small ) perennial herbaceous plants. They form rhizomes as outlasting. The leaves are arranged basal, alternate and distichous. The simple, parallel venation leaf blade is sword-shaped, isobifacial, usually folded and strongly ribbed; it is often called " horse leaves ". The stomata are anomocytisch.

Inflorescences and flowers

The Blütenstandsschäfte have sessile leaves leaf-like bracts. The terminal, racemose inflorescences have an inflorescence axis which expands after fertilization. Under each flower stem sits a bract. Typical are the one to usually trifoliate appearance chalices ( " calyculus ", hence the name Tofieldia calyculata ) sitting among the flowers.

Your hermaphrodite, radial symmetry blooms are triple. There are two circles, each with three identically shaped bloom cladding available; they are flat - cup-shaped only at their base and have prominent nerves. There are nine to twelve each other free stamens present. The straight or narrow pfriemförmigen flat stamens spring from the upper edge of the flat blossoms cup. The seated each on a separate Stylodium carpels are only free and able to grow later. Each carpel contains many ovules. The scars are capitate.

Fruit and seeds

There are follicles and a septizidale capsule fruit with mostly prominent ribs formed, which is still surrounded by the bloom cladding. The deep - red, spindle-shaped seeds have a net-like, striped at the end surface and a white appendage at one end.

Ingredients and chromosomes

There are steroid saponins and chelidonic available. The chromosomes are 0.9 to 2.5 microns long. The basic chromosome number is x = 15 (rarely 14 or 16).

Systematics and distribution

Its distribution area is located mainly in the northern hemisphere. There are areas of the permafrost zones to the tropics. Distribution areas are the southern coasts of Greenland, Canada, the northern, eastern and southeastern United States including Alaska, Scandinavia, Central Europe, northern Siberia, central China, Japan, Korea and northwestern South America ( Isidrogalvia in Colombia and Venezuela ).

Formerly belonged to the genera included here to Tribus Tofieldieae Kunth within the Liliaceae or the Melanthiaceae ( at Dahlgren et al., 1985) or 1998 Tofieldieae tribe in the subfamily Tofieldioideae ( Takht. ) MNTamura within the family Nartheciaceae Fr ex Bjurzon. In 1995, poor Lewonowitsch Tachtadschjan in Botanicheskii Zhurnal. Moscow & Leningrad, 79 (12 ), pp. 65, Tofieldiaceae family. The Tofieldiaceae are now in a basal position in the cladogram in the order of Alismatales.

The five genera of the family are:

  • Harperocallis McDaniel, with only one type: Harperocallis flava McDaniel: It is native only in Florida.
  • Pleea tenuifolia Michaux: The home is North America.

Swell

  • The Sims lily plants in the APWebsite family. ( Section systematics and description)
  • Margarita Remizova & Dmitry Sokoloff: Inflorescence and floral morphology in Tofieldia ( Tofieldiaceae ) Compared with Araceae, Acoraceae and Alismatales s.str, in Botanical yearbooks, Volume 124, Number 3, 2003, pp. 255-271. . ( Section systematics)
  • MN Tamura, S. Fuse, H. Azuma & M. Hasebe. Biosystematic studies on the family Tofieldiaceae I. Phylogeny and circumscription of the family inferred from DNA sequences of matK and rbcL, in Plant Biology, 2004, Volume 6, Issue 5, pp. 562-567.
  • A. Haigh: Neotropical Tofieldiaceae: Online at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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