Tokugawa Ienari

Tokugawa Ienari (Japanese徳 川 家 斉; * November 18, 1773, † March 22, 1841 ), was from 1786 to 1837 the 11th shogun of the Edo period in Japan.

  • 2.1 Notes and references

Journey

Hitotsubashi Ienari adopted in 1781 by the shogun Tokugawa Ieharu after his two sons had died. The biological father was Harusada ( 1727-89 ). His office he stepped up to the age of 14. During his minority Matsudaira Sadanobu led the regency ( hosa ) until he retired in 1793. In 1788 it came to the great fire of Kyoto.

In the period after the death of the effective date ruling council member Tanuma Okitsugu (田 沼 意 次; 1719-88 ) were first reforms in the judicial and education and the restoration of the currency and price stability. Mainly about luxury bans the finances should be sorted again. These also served as the stricter seclusion of the country ( sakoku ); so the connections were broken off to Luzon and Annam. This " Kansei reforms" aimed overall at strengthening the central government and were continued until 1802. The children of the samurai class should " morality " through increased Confucian education, the renovated Shohei Academy led by Hayashi Kimpo be taught. Over the years, then all attempts to curb inflation. In the medium term, however, the efforts failed because the requirements were handled excessively inflexible.

After Sadanobus retreat Ienari officiated directly during the Bunka and Bunsei eras. This period was characterized by political stagnation, cronyism and budgetärem abuse. This is probably the reason why the person 's Ienari has been little attention from the research. Siebold was received in audience by Ienari 1826.

In the tenure Ienaris were increased attempts by the imperialist powers, especially Britain, Russia, but also China, with Japan to get in touch again.

1837 came in Osaka as a result of famine, which has been substantially exacerbated by corrupt officials, tried to storm the castle of Osaka of Oshio Heihachiro, in consequence of five bridges, 18,000 houses and 1,800 stores were destroyed by fire. Soon after the crackdown Ienari resigned after 50 years in office. He died four years after his son Tokugawa Shogun Ieyoshi had become.

As the sole of the Tokugawa shoguns Ienari had the honor, in his lifetime, the court Grand Chancellor Office ( dajo daijin; 1827-1841 ) being awarded. His grave is located in the Kanei -ji; him the name Bunkyō -in was posthumously awarded.

Women

His first wife was the daughter of the powerful daimyo of Satsuma Shimazu Shigehide ( 1745-1833 ). Ienari fathered with 40 women 51 children, of whom 31 died in childhood. Hundreds of other "ladies" were found in his household. The variety of its progeny, whose maintenance was not funded by Tennō, allowed him to secure far-reaching political alliances through marriage.

Literature and sources

  • Ramming, Martin ( ed.); Japan 's Manual; Berlin 1941
  • Berend Wispelwey (ed.): Japanese Biographical Archive; Munich 2007, ISBN 3-598-34014-1, Fiche 386
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