Tokugawa Ienobu
Tokugawa Ienobu (Japanese徳 川 家 宣; born June 11, 1662 at Edo, † November 12, 1712 ), was from 1709 to 1712 the 6th shogun of the Edo period in Japan. His work was heavily influenced by Confucian views.
- 2.1 Notes and references
Journey
Youth and Education
Toramatsu was the first son of Tokugawa Tsunashige. Tsunashige turn, was the third son of Tokugawa Iemitsu. He was accompanied by his elder sister Senhime (千 姫; 1597-1666 ), raised the Tenju -in and the nurse Matsusaka. This had a servant Ohora (お 保良), natural daughter of a fishmonger who had been adopted into a samurai family. She seduced the 19 -year-old Tsunashige and gave birth to the later Toramatsu. As Tsunashige befitting a daughter of regent Nijo Mitsuhira (1625-1683 ;二条 光 平) - now pregnant for the second time - Ohora married to the secretary Ochi Yoshikiyo as the main woman († 1669) was married, which was. The first born Toramatsu was entrusted to the vassals Shinmi Masanobu to care. As Masanobu feared for the legacy of the boy, he asked the Taïro Sakai Tadakiyo (1626-1681), to guarantee its claim, if necessary. 1670 the question of inheritance was discussed in Kofu- Han. Masanobu insisted on the recognition of his foster child. However there were two false witnesses who claimed Toramatsu had died years ago. Furthermore, they scattered rumors of mental illness Tsunashiges. An investigation by the Bakufu revealed the plot. The boy was brought to Edo and his uncle, the Shogun Tokugawa Ietsuna presented. His youth name he changed in 1676 Tsunatoyo (纲 豊). As Tsunashige be retired in 1677 († 1678), his son joined the succession as daimyo of Kofu (formerly Fuchū ) with an income of 250,000 koku at.
18/12/1679 Tsunatoyo was married to Hiroko (熙 子), the 13- year-old daughter of the chancellor to the left Konoe Motohiro in Edo. Hiroko was the only main wife of Tokugawa shoguns, who had surviving children with her husband. In Edo, they resided in the Sakurada. The marriage seems to have been harmonious life.
After the death of Ietsuna he would actually have been as the next male relative as Shogun 's turn. The Council, however, decided to ignore it in favor of Tsunayoshi. His fief was, however, extended to 100,000 koku.
The Confucianist Arai Hakuseki (1657-1725), a ronin, who had also taught already in the house of Hotta Masatoshis, was hired in 1693 as a teacher of philosophy and Chinese history for Tsunatoyo. Between the two, a relationship of trust and Arai developed rose to become the closest political advisor.
Shogun
When he was 52 years old in 1704 designated as successor Tsunayoshis and adopted by this, he changed his name to Ienobu. At this time he moved with his family to the western palace of the Edo - jo.
The decisions Ienobus are strongly influenced by Confucian ideas ( Shōtoku no chi ), the Arai had taught him. The first official act Ienobus was on 01/21/1709 to defuse the strict animal protection laws of its predecessor, particularly with regard to dogs. To this measure (as well as the confiscation of the unpopular taisen copper coins) will not show up as acting against the express will of the deceased in the Confucian sense, the funeral rites were delayed, which Tsunayoshi was regarded as still reigning. Ienobu received the title of shogun until 05.11.1709 official. At the same time the survey was carried out in the real second court rank and Naidaijin.
The most important counselor Tsuneyoshis, Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (1658-1714), was released, expropriated and sent to a monastery. Yoshiyasu 1704 was used as Ienobus successor as daimyo of Kofu. In keeping with Confucian " benevolence " gave the new Shogun in the first year 8831 pardons, of which 5599 were under the jurisdiction of the daimyo. The taxes on alcohol have been lifted. Also on Arai's recommendation goes back to abolish the system for members of the imperial family that later-born children were to be accommodated in monasteries. Overall Ienobu was the first shogun of working towards an improvement of relations with the court in Kyoto. To strengthen the finances of the import of luxury goods over Nagasaki was restricted at the same time the contact with neighboring countries was maintained by the reception of embassies.
His grave is located in the Zōjō -ji ( Shiba ); the name BUNSHO -in and the title of Grand Chancellor ( dajo daijin ), he was posthumously awarded. In a reburial of his remains was found that he with about 1.60 m in height corresponded to the average of that period and had blood group 0.
Women and children
- Head Woman: Konoe Hiroko ( 26/03/1666 - 02/28/1741 ) Edo - jo; 近卫 熙 子, the Ten'ei - in (天 英 院)
- Concubine: Okomu (1682-1766); お 古牟 の 方that (法 心 院). The daughter of the monk Sojun ( Ōta Soan ) was since 1702, originally as a maid in the household. As of 02/02/1706 she was officially ochūro, so bedmate of the landowner. It was after the death Ienobus under the name Hoshin in nun and lived in the property in Hama.
- Concubine: Okiyo (1685-1752 ;お 喜世), the Gekko in (月光 院) was in the household since 1704. Also Sakkyō called. Had Ienobus after death an affair with his secretary Manabe Akifusa ( 1667-1720 ). Contemporaries describe her as power hungry and dissolute.
- Concubine (since 1703): Osume ( † お 須免,莲 净 院)
- Concubine: Itsuki (斎 宫); † 24.07.1710 after miscarriage, the daughter of a vassal on the property in Hama.
Was assumed to be four- year-old adopted daughter Masahime ( 1699-1704/7/22 ;政 姫). She was a natural daughter of the regent Konoe Iehiro, a brother Hiroko.
Literature and sources
The Sanno gaiki (三 王 外 気) circulated in manuscript form since 1747 and are as a writer Tōbu Yashi, which is probably a pseudonym for Dazai Shundai, retells the events of the terms of office of Tsunayoshi, Yoshimune and Ienobu in novelistic form.
- Ramming, Martin ( ed.); Japan Guide; , Berlin 1941
- Berend Wispelwey (ed.): Japanese Biographical Archive; Munich 2007, ISBN 3-598-34014-1, Fiche 386
- Cecilia Seigle; Konoe Hiroko, Consort of Tokugawa Ienobu; in: Harvard Journal Asiatic Studies, Vol 59, № 2, pp. 485-522
- Nakai, Kate William; Shogunal Politics - Akai Hakuseki and the Premises of Tokugawa Rule; Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol 16, № 1