Toxaphene
- Camphechlor
- Chlorcamphen
- Polychlorcamphen
- Chlorinated camphene
- Chlorinated 2,2- dimethyl-3- methylennorbornan
Yellow, waxy solid
Fixed
1.65 g · cm -3
65-90 ° C
Decomposition
67 Pa (25 ° C)
Insoluble in water ( ~ 3 mg · l -1)
Risk
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search is not possible
Toxaphene is a pesticide, consisting of a complex mixture of mainly polychlorinated Bornanen, mehrfachchlorierten Bornenen, Dihydrocamphenen and Camphenen.
History
It was first marketed in 1945 by Hercules Inc. Hercules as 3956. Toxaphene was one of the world's most widely used insecticides, until his ban by the EPA in 1982. Between 1946 and 1993 about one million tons was consumed toxaphene world. In the Federal Republic of Germany to be used in agriculture was banned in 1971.
Analytical detection
The chemical- analytical detection in environmental samples, food and feed can be performed with chromatographic methods.
Ban
The Stockholm Convention of 22 May 2001 for a worldwide ban on the manufacture, sale and use of twelve persistent organic pollutants (POP persistent organic pollutants) was ratified. For this " dirty dozen " includes toxaphene. With the ratification of the 50th candidate country on 17 May 2004, the Convention has gained global validity.
Use
Toxaphene was mainly used as a pesticide in the cultivation of cotton, cereals, fruits, nuts and vegetables.
Toxicity and Biological Significance
Toxaphene is considered carcinogenic.
Due to the high volatility of toxaphene is also transported via the atmosphere in remote areas and is thus everywhere ( ubiquitous ) in the environment.