Toxaphene

  • Camphechlor
  • Chlorcamphen
  • Polychlorcamphen
  • Chlorinated camphene
  • Chlorinated 2,2- dimethyl-3- methylennorbornan

Yellow, waxy solid

Fixed

1.65 g · cm -3

65-90 ° C

Decomposition

67 Pa (25 ° C)

Insoluble in water ( ~ 3 mg · l -1)

Risk

Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search is not possible

Toxaphene is a pesticide, consisting of a complex mixture of mainly polychlorinated Bornanen, mehrfachchlorierten Bornenen, Dihydrocamphenen and Camphenen.

History

It was first marketed in 1945 by Hercules Inc. Hercules as 3956. Toxaphene was one of the world's most widely used insecticides, until his ban by the EPA in 1982. Between 1946 and 1993 about one million tons was consumed toxaphene world. In the Federal Republic of Germany to be used in agriculture was banned in 1971.

Analytical detection

The chemical- analytical detection in environmental samples, food and feed can be performed with chromatographic methods.

Ban

The Stockholm Convention of 22 May 2001 for a worldwide ban on the manufacture, sale and use of twelve persistent organic pollutants (POP persistent organic pollutants) was ratified. For this " dirty dozen " includes toxaphene. With the ratification of the 50th candidate country on 17 May 2004, the Convention has gained global validity.

Use

Toxaphene was mainly used as a pesticide in the cultivation of cotton, cereals, fruits, nuts and vegetables.

Toxicity and Biological Significance

Toxaphene is considered carcinogenic.

Due to the high volatility of toxaphene is also transported via the atmosphere in remote areas and is thus everywhere ( ubiquitous ) in the environment.

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