Trampoline
The trampoline is a sports equipment to support leap. Trampolines find their application in trampolining (also called " trampoline "), and in medicine during trampoline body coordination test.
History
A precursor of trampolining was hopping on a mattress. The trampoline gymnastics began in the circus, where the safety catch Network of Artists trampoline- like properties exhibited. The Turner let yourself go and enforced by the network of some somersaults in the network at the end of their performances. So they came up with the idea to expand this into an independent number and presented for this purpose special equipment manufactures. So built the mid-1930s, the U.S. high- Artist George Nissen with the help of his colleague, the gymnastics coach Larry Griswold, the best in his time jumping device. The two had met in 1931 at the University of Iowa. Later they established the Griswold -Nissen Trampoline & Tumbling Company. Since Larry Griswold saw no future in his company, he sold his interest and devoted himself to his entertainment career. George Nissen, however, put the trampolines continue professionally ago and became eventually known worldwide. Still bears the event " Nissen Cup" his name. In the United States trampolining thus also experienced the most rapid development.
In Germany, Albrecht Hurtmanns built in 1951 Süchteln a first " trap ". Sutured A frame of iron pipes, the cloth roller shutter straps and tightened with bicycle inner tubes, it served in its ASV Süchteln as a stepping device. Dr. Heinz Braecklen and collaborators at the young sports university in Leipzig in 1953 also developed a trampoline as a training accessory for water Springer. 1955 designed by Alfred Gockel from old eating first one first, unstable wooden model.
Finally, the already professional American units in 1958 to the German Gymnastics Festival in Munich were among others presented by George Nissen. But first, first applications of the new discipline member of the International Gymnastics Federation, FIG been rejected for its meetings in 1959 and 1961. At a meeting of the first trampoline Nations came in 1964 on the initiative of the German Gymnastics Federation in Frankfurt am Main. This was the inaugural meeting of the International Trampoline Federation FIT
In the same year, the first world championships were held in London. 1996, there were the XIX. World Championships in Vancouver, in 1998 they found held in Sydney in 1999 in the Sun City, South Africa, the first time trampoline world championships in Africa.
On 1 September 1997, the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne, Switzerland decided to finally receiving the trampoline singles competitions in the official program of the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney.
Structure and Types
The basic structure is the same in almost all trampolines: In a metal frame, an elastic jumping mat is by means of numerous springs ( rarely also by elastic ropes ) of metal (usually made of synthetic fibers such as polypropylene or polyamide) clamped. The metal frame states is usually elevated, to provide for the necessary expansion space for jumping under the jumping surface; However, there are also recessed floor trampoline in which the trampoline frame is mounted on a correspondingly deep pit.
Inflatable trampoline
Inflatable Trampolines are the easiest and cheapest category of trampolines. You are amplified in physical education at the elementary level used ( in kindergartens and nurseries, mother / child -Turn departments ). You have an inflatable Corpus made of heavy duty vinyl plastic and therefore no hard, injury- metal struts and frames as the other trampoline types. The jumping mat is woven with two cords, so no steel springs are needed. After use, the air is released, just like a boat, and the trampoline can be stored in a space -saving. They are usually designed for smaller children and their capacity is therefore significantly lower than with fixed trampolines.
Fitness or gymnastics trampoline
Fitness trampoline, also called gymnastics trampolines, are circular with horizontal and at a height not adjustable jumping surface. The usual diameters are between 90 and 130 cm, the highs are between 20 and 40 cm. Due to the compact dimensions and the low jump effect, Fitness Trampolines are just for jumping while standing, acrobatic exercises such as somersaults are practically not possible for them. They serve primarily as a training tool for health, fitness and weight loss. Fitness exercises with the trampoline are also called rebounding.
Fitness Trampolines are often simply called " mini trampoline "; However, this term also stands for the below described "Mini Tramps " who have a fundamentally different structure and are also used differently.
Garden Trampolines
Garden trampolines are great trampoline for all year round use outdoors. These trampolines are almost always circular with diameters of 240-490 cm, the height of the jumping surface usually varies between 80 and 100 cm.
As an alternative to elevation, they can also be attached just above the ground over a sufficiently wide and deep pit; There are also designed specifically for this construction form garden trampolines.
Garden trampolines are often provided with a peripheral vertical safety net, which is to prevent the fall of the jumpers off the trampoline, on the other hand also to heftigerem jumping and so again may induce increased risk of accidents.
In general, it should be noted that the legislature the use of a trampoline by several Springer prohibits same time explicitly, what is also noted on the product and in the instructions.
Manufacturers advise to also reduce year-round trampolines in the fall to protect the material from extreme temperatures and weather conditions.
Since 2012, trampolines come with a folding safety net on the market. The simple decomposition of the network makes it possible to draw a awning on the trampoline after use.
Mini trampoline
A mini trampoline, often also called "Mini Tramp", has a rectangular (often square ) metal frame with a compared to the overall size quite small jump area. It is usually independently adjustable in height on two sides and can be installed at an angle as well.
Minitramps used less frequently than individual sports equipment, but mainly serve the gymnastics as bounce gain either for crossing or devices for learning more difficult jumps as somersaults. Accordingly, they are used almost exclusively in sports facilities and not in private households.
The term mini trampoline is also used for fitness trampolines described above.
Open -End Mini Tramp
A Open -End Mini Tramp is a mini tramp, whose frame is open at the top and bottom. This unit is characterized by an exceptional casting performance, which is necessary to perform difficult jumps.
Double Mini Trampoline
The double mini tramp is probably the least known of the three forms, as they practically found only when trampolining use. The device offers the knight a fortified at three metal arms with steel springs jumping sheet of about three times as long as wide. The displayed for Springer Einsprungfläche is slightly inclined, so as better to the start-up speed in height can while the rear part is flat. The knight takes off and makes a landing area on the sloping front, jump from there to the flat rear part and on to the floor mat behind the appliance. In an official competition you have to touch at least twice to three times maximum, the jumping mat, only to end up with your feet on the floor mat. Since the devices are practically only in sports, they are designed for a high throw power and not recommended for beginners without qualified instruction.
Competition trampoline
The large trampoline is the classic trampoline. There is a vault, which is available depending on the application with various features. The first devices were still closed jumping sheets, which were suspended on bungee cords. Today's high -performance devices have a network of four to six millimeters wide nylon strips, which are suspended in up to 118 steel springs. The jumping surface is rectangular and twice as long as wide; their size varies between approximately 180 by 360 and 215 by 430 cm. Since in a closed jump cloth, the air resistance is very high, you can jump with such cloths little more than a simple flip. In contrast, the modern devices have no great effort to achieve any appreciable air resistance more and allow the Springer very great heights.
More trampoline types
In the rehabilitation and disability sport jumping sheets from 45 mm wide nylon strips are often used because they are very sturdy and are very suitable for the construction of the supporting muscles. In schools and in the club's work with children on the other hand a cloth with 13 mm strip is usually used, which represents a good compromise between casting performance and training effect to build muscle. Due to their high throw power jump towels are recommended with narrower strips only for well-trained athletes, because the jumps otherwise too much strain on the joints. Jumps up to a height of about 9 meters are possible, which of course is also a significant risk of falling.
The jumping mat a conventional trampoline is suspended on steel springs. The resulting acceleration and deceleration forces large can have a detrimental effect on the joints. In therapy, therefore softer sprung trampolines are used.
Risk of injury to children
Trampolining implies injury. Pediatric surgeons and pediatricians report that the number of injuries in children in recent years (as of 2013) has increased.
Children bones break more frequently than expected - especially legs but also arms, skull and spine. In addition to fractures often occur compressions.
The head of preschool children is relatively large and heavy (relative to body size, mass and power, see Childhood and Development).
If several people jumping on a trampoline at the same time, they can hurt each other. A study by the American Academy of Pediatrics warns strongly against injuries of the cervical spine. More than one in ten trampoline accident concerns the head and neck, often caused by a fall from a trampoline or in the attempt to make rollovers.