Transgressive (linguistics)

The transgressive (also Adverbialpartizip ) is an infinite -derived verb participles in some Slavic and Baltic languages ​​. It expresses a secondary process, the main process (usually by a finite verb ) implemented differently. The sub- process may be premature in relation to the main process, at the same time or even nachzeitig and always refers to the subject (if there is a subject in a sentence, except in Sorbian and Macedonian, where it can also refer to the direct object, z. B. Lower Som tam jogo stojecy wizel literally, I saw him standing there, and colloquially in Russian and Polish ). In Lower Sorbian this form competes with the congruent participle ( eg W sedle sejźecy / sejźeca cyta casnik. Reads a newspaper, sitting in chair ).

There is usually a present and a perfect tense ( Cz Pise, píšíc, píšíce / napsav, napsavši, napsavše having " writing / written " poln pisząc / napisawszy having " writing / written " ), in some languages ​​or dialects, there are only one form, the logical Tempus correlated with the aspect ( eg in Moravian dialects or in Slovak ).

Examples

• Czech: Nakladatelství X vydalo knihu nemajíc autorských Prav. ( The publisher X published the book without having the copyright. )
• Polish: Rozmawiano PIJAC piwo. ( It has a beer (literally, drinking beer entertain ), where no subject )
• Lithuanian: Ji's išėjo dainuodamas. ( He went away singing. )

Predicative use of Transgressivs

In some Russian and Polish dialects the perfect tense is formed with the transgressive, eg я был тогда все сделавши (I had then done ), приеду, когда буду все сделавши ( I 'm after I 'll have done everything ), gdzie ona poszedszy ( where did she go ).