Transient (oscillation)
With transients ( always in the plural) is referred to a very fast, pulse -like, electric or acoustic transient. Most often, the higher frequency, steep signals are non-stationary oscillations in the form.
- 2.1 audio
- 2.2 mains
- 2.3 Power Adapters
Definition
The term transient is derived from Latin and means " transition ". For example, needs a damped oscillator after a short time fault some time to come back into balance and after a permanent change of the system variables is entered to reach the new equilibrium.
Transient voltages ( operations ) are not predictable ( random) and of limited duration. You are not repeated periodically and can not be in shape to clearly predict.
Terms
Other terms that have to do with transients:
Time required for the output voltage of a power supply upon the occurrence of transients to stabilize within the limits.
Time interval between the occurrence of transients and the return to a specified amplitude range.
Transient response of a circuit to a sudden change in the input or output.
Deviation of a particular parameter, in general, the input voltage or the output load.
Areas in which the transients are of importance
Audio
Technically, you have to transients than those sudden ( vibrational) designate events that can not be reduced to a sum of individual fundamentals. These include, for example, shock processes. An example from the music illustrates this very well: The Anreißvorgang a guitar string is a transient event, which then merges smoothly into a vibration process. The sudden Anreißvorgang can not be derived from a finite sum of individual fundamentals, since this event was preceded by no corresponding fundamental vibrations. However, in practice many pulse -like events are referred to as transient, although they are not ( entirely ). However, this usually does the right way to deal with the occurrence of these transients no demolition.
Due to the transient nature sounds are clearly identified on our ear, such as the painting of a bow string.
At the electro-acoustic sound to the speakers very high demands are made, because it is not just about high speeds of the membrane, but in addition to short-term, high accelerations up to the jerk that are associated with an additional, unnatural disturbing noise. These sudden, strong noise-like transients trigger movements of the speaker cone moving in waves outward. This sound is still emitted, although the pulse is long over. In general, the edge is not terminated with the correct wave impedance, so the wave is reflected and extended the momentum continues. The sound is also given by the electro-acoustic transients ( transient ) unnatural hardness and sharp highs. The loudspeaker reproduction deceptive precision and clarity and also more treble off what is in certain areas of pop music even positive.
Power supply system
The reliable detection of transients in the electrical power supply network is very important in order to avoid damage. Due to continuous changes in the electrical supply network by switching operations and fault cases arise constantly new network conditions to which must settle the entire system (see also voltage regulation ). This step normally transient transient currents and transient voltages. In order to assess whether the transient processes from any intentional or unintentional modification resulting network, you need reliable decision criteria. In the analysis of the stationary and transient behavior as well as in the analysis and planning of energy supply systems immunity to electrical fast transients ( bursts ) and pulse packets (impulse packets ) must be considered.
Power Adapters
In hardware circuits is denoted by transient voltage spikes that can occur in the context of power supplies and may damage the circuit. In power supplies, a large load changes through out the necessary Ausregelvorgänge to settle in the output voltage. Slight variations are therefore a sign of quality, or bad power supplies can cause a malfunction in the connected electronics.
Well-defined transients ( standard lightning ) are test variables in the electromagnetic compatibility of devices. A distinction is made between high-energy transient pulses ( surge voltages, surge) and fast transient pulses ( burst). The technical measures of surge protection to protect against transients caused by lightning and other causes.