Treaty of Córdoba

The Treaty of Córdoba between the leaders of the Mexican independence movement Agustín de Iturbide and the last Spanish viceroy Juan O'Donojú from August 24, 1821 provided the legal basis for the development of the first Mexican Empire. He was recognized by the Spanish government until 1836.

Prehistory

Since 1810, Mexican troops were in a war of independence with the Spanish colonial power. 1821 controlled the Mexican independence fighters throughout Mexico, with the exception of the cities of Acapulco, Mexico City and Veracruz.

On July 30 the Spanish by the government came to the " Supreme Director of the colony " ( jefe político superior) appointed Juan de O'Donojú in Veracruz. Contrary to the announcements prior to his appointment he found there only a few loyal troops. Given the own military inferiority he hit Itúrbide a meeting in Cordoba, where they both arrived on 23 August 1821.

The contract

On August 24, the two sides signed the " Tratado de Cordoba". O'Donojú was not authorized to do so by the Spanish government. The contract was based on the plan of Iguala and consisted of 17 items. In essence, he saw the independence of Mexico as a moderate constitutional monarchy under a Spanish monarch ( Ferdinand VII, or - if this is refusing - a Spanish prince ) before. In the event that Spain refused the takeover of the throne, the regency council should be employed to determine a monarch. This nine -member board was next to Itúrbide also O'Donojú. Iturbide Mexico should reign as President of the Regency Council and Commander in Chief and withdraw O'Donojú as viceroy. On September 23, the Regency Council was formally constituted and proclaimed the independence of Mexico in Mexico City. The remaining there Spanish garrison capitulated given the authority O'Donojús.

Further development

On February 13, 1822 Spanish court rejected the contract. Out of consideration for the persistent claims of Spain, no European royal house took the Mexican offer on the throne. Therefore Itúrbide let you choose on May 19, 1822 Imperial Council of Regency. On July 21, 1822, he was enthroned as August I. His impending fall as a result of his uncompromising reign, he was born on March 19, 1823 through voluntary abdication before, and Mexico became a republic. Spanish troops occupied until 1824 a fort of San Juan de Ulua in Veracruz. 1827 Spain took an invasion attempt, but which failed. It was not until 1836 Spain recognized the independence of Mexico.