Treaty of Kyakhta (1915)

The Treaty of Kjachta of 1915 (including the Treaty of Kiakhta ) was a treaty between the Autonomous Mongolia, Russia and the Republic of China.

Shortly before the end of the Qing dynasty succeeded the 8th Jebtsundamba (ruler title: Boghdo counter ), to soar on December 30, 1911 Head of State of Autonomous Outer Mongolia. The area numbers were 276 years as part of the northern outskirts of the Chinese Empire. His goal now was to be secured by a clever balancing of the interests of the two powerful neighbor Russia and China, the territory's independence in international treaties.

The contract was signed in Kjachta on 25 May 1915. It involved the Tsarist Russia, the Republic of China and Mongolia Autonomous (after Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolia today ).

The aim of the Boghdo counter to obtain a real autonomy from Russia and China, was not achieved. At the conference, the following was determined:

• The Outer Mongolia recognizes the sovereignty of China.
• China and Russia recognize the autonomy of Outer Mongolia.
• Outer Mongolia is a part of Chinese territory.
• The Outer Mongolia closes with foreign powers no agreements on political or territorial issues from (trade agreements were possible, for example ).

The autonomy of Outer Mongolia was not to last long. After the October Revolution in Russia in 1917, Russia fell from power and protection as a counterweight to China, which sent in September 1918 the first troops in Outer Mongolia, and then invade final in October / November under General Xu Shuzheng. On November 17, 1919 16 Government representatives of the autonomous Mongolia signed a letter which included the waiver of Outer Mongolia to autonomy. The first attempt of Outer Mongolia to establish an independent state had failed.