Treaty of London (1867)

At the London Conference from 7 to May 11, 1867, also called the Second Treaty of London, met representatives of the four major European powers, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia. It was about the delimitation of their spheres of interest with respect to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which was conducted in personal union by the Dutch king.

The conference was the result of the so-called Luxembourg crisis, a debate about the intended purchase of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg by the French government under Emperor Napoleon III. in 1866 by the Netherlands under King William III. for 5,000,000 guilders. That was in fortress in Luxembourg City from 1816 as German federal fortress is an important part of securing the western border of the German Confederation to France, which is why the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck protested against the annexation, although he seemed to be at first not averse to this idea to France neutrality to safeguard against a German unification.

The decisions

  • France does not acquire Luxembourg, the Sovereign remains the Dutch king.
  • For Prussia pulls his garrison from out of the fortress and this is, as far as the King - Grand Duke deemed necessary, destroyed. This action will take 16 years.
  • Luxembourg should remain neutral in future conflicts and is declared independent.
  • The guarantor powers of the first London Treaty: France, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria and Russia should also watch this time of compliance with this contract.

References

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