Treaty of Trentschin

The Treaty of Trenčín was completed on August 24, 1335 at the castle of Trenčín in the eponymous city of Trenčín and ratified in Krakow on February 9, 1339.

Parties were the Czech king John of Luxembourg and his son Charles Marggraf and the Polish king Casimir the Great. As a mediator in the negotiations had Kazimirs Schwager, the Hungarian king Charles of Anjou. Therefore, the negotiations took place at his castle of Trenčín, which lies near the border with Bohemia and Silesia in the northwest of present Slovakia.

The Treaty Kazimir gave up all claims of Great Poland to the Silesian Piast dynasty dominated by the territories in perpetuity. With the agreement of the political separation of Silesia from Poland was established. In return, Johann refrained from Luxembourg and his son Charles to the Polish royal title, which they had inherited from the Přemyslids. After the death of John of Luxembourg, the 1347, his son Charles IV succeeded as King of Bohemia, the provisions of the Trenčín agreement were reaffirmed between Kazimir the Great and Charles IV with the Treaty of Namslau 1348.

Kazimirs successor, Louis I. confirmed in 1372 in his capacity as King of Poland, the Trencin disclaimer in full. As established by the Treaty Silesian- Polish borders remained largely intact until 1945.

Prehistory

Although ongoing since the 10th century disputes between Bohemia and Poland for supremacy in Silesia should be terminated with the Pentecost 1137 concluded peace of Glatz, examined in the second half of the 13th century, several Silesian principalities a connection to Bohemia. The reasons for this were the inheritances after the death of Duke Henry II, who were accompanied by problems of inheritance, of which also benefited parts of the nobility and clergy. Due to the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia created numerous small principalities, which were held together by any central authority. The close family ties of the descendants of Henry II to the royal court in Prague led to a political orientation to Bohemia, where economic benefits played a role.

Parallel to the development in Lower and Middle Silesia took place in 1281, a fragmentation of the Upper Silesian Duchy of Opole in the duchies Opole, Ratibor, Bytom, Teschen and Auschwitz.

Already in 1289 took Duke Casimir II of Cosel Bytom the first Duke of Silesian Bohemian suzerainty, and in 1292 was followed by other Upper Silesian princes his example. After Władysław I the Elbow- who had in 1320 re-established the Kingdom of Poland, claims to the Silesian duchies claimed that in 1327 the Dukes of Opole countries and of Breslau and in 1329 the Lower Silesian Dukes of Liegnitz, Brieg, Sagan, Oels and Steinau went voluntarily in Bohemian feudal dependence. Vacuum Johann reached by Luxembourg in 1331 the homage of Glogau and in 1336 the homage of Münsterberg. 1342 Breslauer threw the bishop and the diocese land Neisse King of Bohemia, which had only 1333 achieved full sovereignty.

Only Duke Bolko II of Świdnica and Jawor not recognize the Bohemian king as suzerain. His duchy, however, came after his death in 1368 by the marriage of his niece was already 1353 Anne of Schweidnitz with Emperor Charles IV of Bohemia by inheritance. Although Anna was no longer alive at the death Bolkos II himself, Schweidnitz got to the King of Bohemia, because already at Anna's wedding, her uncle Ludwig I had dispensed with as the future king of Poland 's claim to all Schweidnitz favor of Luxembourg. As a Polish king in 1372 he confirmed the Trenčín contract in full. However, the Duchy Schweidnitz remained until 1392 in usufruct in Bolkos widow Agnes von Habsburg.