Tretyakov Gallery
The State Tretyakov Gallery (Russian Государственная Третьяковская галерея, transcription Gossudarstwennaja Tretyakovskaya Galereja ) is an art museum in Moscow. With approximately 140,000 works of painting, graphics and sculpture, it is next to the St. Petersburg Hermitage one of the largest and most famous art collections of Russia. These works cover the period from the 11th to the 20th century. The main building of the gallery is located in the Lawruschinski - street in the historic district Samoskworetschje, near the Metro station Tretyakovskaya.
History
The name derives from for today's Tretyakov Gallery is its founder, the Russian textile merchant and art collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov ( 1832-1898 ). The beginnings of his art collection to go back to the year 1851 when Tretyakov together with his younger brother Sergei south of the right bank of the Moskva bought a two-story house. On the ground floor of the building, the brothers taught her a business premises, while gradually come into a considerable collection of paintings by local contemporary artists upstairs. Over the years the collection was so large that Pavel Tretyakov in 1874 in the immediate vicinity of the house acquired a plot of land and a new building was built on him extra for the storage of the works. The early 1890s, the collections already around 1,500 pieces, including not only painting, but also icons and sculptures.
As Sergei Tretyakov died in August 1892, he left a will, which he bequeathed his part of the art collection of the city of Moscow. A few weeks later gave Pavel Tretyakov also the rest of the collection to the city to allow the establishment of an art museum open to the public. The whole of the city surrendered collection counted at this time 1287 paintings, 518 drawings and nine sculptures of Russian artists, as well as additional 75 paintings and eight drawings of contemporary German and French artists. The Kunstmuseum newly founded opened in August, 1893, the name Moscow municipal art gallery Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov its doors to the public. In gratitude for the donation received Pavel Tretyakov from the city of Moscow and Honorary Citizen title.
After Pavel Tretyakov's death in December 1898, the Museum was passed through the City Duma, were among its members and Russian artists like Ilya Ostroukhov. From 1899 to 1906, the Tretyakov house, which was now used as a museum building, lavishly reconstructed and gained thereby also its present facade cladding, at the design of the painter Viktor Vasnetsov was heavily involved. This facade is inspired by traditions altmoskauer architecture and is decorated mainly in the upper part with a relief representation of Saint George, which can be seen in a similar form to the Moscow city coat of arms.
A few months after the October Revolution, the gallery was nationalized in June 1918 by decree of the revolutionary leader Lenin and received its current name State Tretyakov Gallery. Since that time, also regular temporary exhibitions were held in the gallery. In the 1920s, collections of numerous other museums and confiscated by the state parts of various private collections have been integrated in the Tretyakov Gallery. This led to a significant increase in the museum inventory, so that the gallery building had to be extended due to lack of space, the mid- 1930s. This was done according to the designs of renowned architect Alexei Shchusev, who conceived a 1936 finished growing, which was architecturally very similar to the parent company.
During the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 large parts of the museum collection were transferred from the threat of invasion by the Wehrmacht to Novosibirsk, where they were temporarily housed in the then unfinished building of the Opera House. This measure proved to be correct, because during the Battle of Moscow, the museum complex in air raids was severely damaged. Only after the final victory over Germany and the completion of the reconstruction of the full museum operations could be resumed. The grand re-opening of the gallery was held on 17 May 1945.
1977 was the gallery for a significant part of the collection George Costakis. From 1980 to 1992, Yuri Korolev ( 1929-1992 ) director of the gallery. The museum was at this time greatly and expanded to cope with the increasing crowds and the growing inventory to better accommodate. 1986, a division of Modern Art was opened, which is located in a new building on the Moskva River, directly opposite the main entrance of Gorky Park. The main building of the museum, however, was closed from 1986 to 1995 for renovation for visitors. Since re-opening in April 1995, the Tretyakov Gallery presented in the fundamentally renovated buildings their exposure in a total of 62 rooms.
Since July 2009, Irina Lebedeva 's (* 1956) Director Tratjakow Gallery.
Permanent exhibition
Today, the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery comprise around 140,000 exhibits, including about 15,000 paintings, sculptures and icons per 4500 and more than 100,000 drawings, graphics and other works of art. The majority of the collection is housed in the main buildings of the gallery in Samoskworetschje: There you will find works of art from the period from the 11th century to the early 20th century. This collection includes works of almost all well-known Russian artist of these epochs. The art of the later 20th century is Modern Art to see in the department opened in 1986. Also, the museum complex includes the Vasnetsov house in the northern part of Moscow's historic center and the end of the 17th century built St. Nicholas Church near the main Gallery building.