Trivialname

Trivial names are names for things that do not correspond to the official classification such as exist in the associated scientific field. Examples of areas of expertise are: chemistry, biology, medicine and pharmacy, as well as areas or focal points of the aforementioned scientific disciplines such as their technical branches. Trivial names are among the better-known names, since they are formed from concepts in everyday language, and are easier to use.

Chemistry

In chemistry are trivial names names for substances that do not correspond to the systematic chemical nomenclature according to IUPAC rules and do not allow conclusions about the composition or structure of a chemical compound or substance. Trivial names were usually suggested by the scientists and dominated for the first time discovered the associated chemical compound have isolated or synthesized. For example, earlier compounds were often named after their origin and not by their chemical properties: vanillin according to its occurrence in the vanilla or formic acid ( systematically: formic acid ), after recovery from distilled ants. Such trivial names are in everyday life, but also used in other sciences such as pharmacy, biology and medicine, and in the art. In chemistry Trivial names are used when the systematic name for the purpose is too cumbersome. This is particularly the case with some biomolecules such as hemoglobin or chlorophyll. For simple, long-known compounds are sometimes not trivial names usual (for example, acetone, or acetylene), and their use is, in some cases allowed by IUPAC.

In everyday use to scientific publications, a large number of traditional names and newly created, recognized nickname is still used. The IUPAC distinguishes between trivial names that have no relation to the systematic nomenclature have (eg water, urea, or Glauber's salt), semi- systematic names or Semi Trivial names that at least a part of a systematic name (for example, carbon dioxide instead of carbon dioxide, trityl for triphenylmethyl group or glycerol propane -1 ,2,3 -triol ) and the systematic names. Also for the invention of new trivial names, such as newly discovered natural products, there are IUPAC -compliant rules.

Biology

In biological nomenclature is meant by a trivial name (also Vernakularname ) or noun trivial the regional or vernacular name for an animal or a taxon instead of its scientific name. In German, for example, the name "Lion " for the two-part species name is ( binomials ) Panthera leo, in English the animal as a "lion " is called so trivial names blur due to their tendency to purely external descriptions often the systematic relationships, but can conversely relationships indicate where no exist. In addition, many trivial names are not unique, so is " Buttercup " about for a whole range gelbblütiger species and species groups of different lineages.

Examples:

• Vervet monkeys and seals indicate their common names according to one belonging to the cats or canines to
• Yellow Root: Common name for carrot ( Umbelliferae ), rutabaga (Mustard ) or sugar beet ( green foxtail )
• Schnake: regional for mosquitoes, otherwise mostly for mosquitoes
• Blue heron, common name for Ardea cinerea, in addition herons or ( Low German ) Schietreeger

German -language name of art

In addition to the above-mentioned "real" trivial names systematized German language descriptions are in biology, similar in chemistry, is widespread. This is usually around from reviewers aware of newly created artificial names that are partially derived from real trivial names, but very often are pure fantasy names. In many cases they are due to translations of the scientific species name. Corresponding names creations are already widely used by authors of the 19th century. Especially popular they were, for example, as a collector name for butterfly species. The purpose of this name is usually is to make the group of organisms by more descriptive naming in layman popular. When naming a systematic approach is sought by possible each type is given a name, species names are derived by Name extensions from generic names, etc. Widely used are those German name of art, for example in the flowering plants, birds and dragonflies in general. In many cases there are nomenclatural standard lists to keep the naming consistent. Such lists exist for some bird names for dragonflies or mollusks. In many cases, the names are in writings that deliberately are also addressed to laymen, marked such as Red Lists or biological nonfiction. This type of naming is well established in many cases, so some of the names almost " real" have achieved the status of trivial names.

This type of naming is seen critically in various fields. Many of the so- embossed synthetic names are sometimes criticized as clumsy, not vivid or even ridiculous. This applies to names creations like " nettle Wicht " or "belt Troll " ( for bug species ) or " Bohemian bigeye Düsterhalbflügler " or " grain -shaped ball -Stutz beetle" ( for beetles ). "Real" Trivial names are Chance by systematized art name even replaced or displaced. An example would be " creeping thistle " instead of " creeping thistle " ( so that all species of the genus Cirsium obtain uniform German name).

Technology

• Copper paste as a common name for hot screw - Compound