Trollius europaeus
Globe flower (Trollius europaeus)
The Globe-flower (Trollius europaeus ) belongs to the family Ranunculaceae. Other common names are gold head, buttercup, butter ball (Anke Bollen ), Budabinkerl, butter roses, Kugelranunkel or snake ( s) buttons.
Description
The globe flower is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches the plant height of 20 to 60 cm. It has a rhizome as a storage organ, the renewal buds are close to the earth's surface. Your habitus is shaped by several bald and usually unbranched stems. The basal leaves are stalked and deeply divided palmate. You have five sawn to fiederschnittige sections and remember geranium leaves. At its top, the basal leaves are dark green. The lower leaf surface is somewhat lighter. In its heyday, the rosette-like basal leaves die off. The stem leaves are trifoliate and sit right on the stalks.
The yellow-colored by carotenoids flower is terminally on unbranched stems. The globe flower has a hermaphrodite, characteristically spherical zusammenneigende bloom. Their diameter is about 2 to 3 centimeters. The perianth consists of 10 to 15 perianth and four to ten nectar leaves. Striking the numerous free carpels ( bellows ) are in the center of the flower. The flowering period extends from May to July.
The fruits are up to 15 millimeters long and beaked.
The chromosome number is 2n = 16
Ecology
The petals of the flower troll form a dome, which has a small opening so that it can only pass small insects, flies and beetles. An important Bestäuberrolle have three fly species of the genus Chiastochaeta. They lay their eggs in the ovary, their larvae feed on the growing seed. Researchers found that a troll flower blossom can handle up to six hatching larvae. If this number is exceeded, the balance shifts between " benefits through pollination " and " feeding damage" into the negative. Only vigorous larger insects can push through the bottom of the nectar leaves between the tepals. When Trollblume leads and spontaneous self-pollination for fruit set.
The globe flower forms per flower from numerous wenigsamige follicles. The seeds are spread via wind, Velcro and self- propagation. Successful germination is linked to the effects of cold and darkness.
Occurrence
The globe flower comes from Europe, has a preference for wet meadows, pond and stream edges and is found in Hochstaudenfluren especially in the mountains up to altitudes of 3000 m. It prefers rich, moist soil life.
It is particularly common in central and northern Europe, including the Baltic States, Spain, the Apennines and the former Yugoslavia. In the valley this species is becoming increasingly rare.
Endangering
The Trollblume nationwide at risk in the portfolio and already disappeared in northwestern Germany; it is considered endangered and is therefore protected. In Austria it is partially protected. Reasons for the decline are seen in fallow extensively used fresh and wet meadows and also in their draining.
Others
The name derives from the old high German word " troll" for " roly-poly " from the Latin " trulleus " for " round container " from. The Troll flower grows especially on mountain meadows. It is the symbol of the county of Glatz and is therefore also called Rose Glatzer.
It is a popular garden plant with some relatives.
The Trollblume was applied earlier against scurvy. It is slightly toxic and is shunned by cattle.
This species was chosen for the flower of the year 1995.
Swell
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grey: alpine flowers. Identify and determine ( = Steinbach nature guide ). Mosaic, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3.
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raymond Fischer, Manfred A. Fischer (ed.): Excursion Flora of Austria. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6.
- Ruprecht Duell, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany. A botanical and ecological excursion companion to the most important species. 6 completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7.