Trypan blue
- 3,3 '-dimethyl -4, 4' -bis ( 5-amino- 4-hydroxy- 2,7- disulfonaphtyl -3- azo) - [ 1,1'- biphenyl]
- Benz amine Blue
- Direct Blue 14
- C. I. 23850
Dark blue solid
Fixed
> 300 ° C ( decomposition)
- As tetrasodium salt moderately in water (10 g · l-1 at 25 ° C)
- Insoluble in ethanol
Risk
6200 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Trypan blue as blue or direct benzenamine called Blue 14, is an anionic disazo dye. The main body of the dye is o-tolidine.
Use and characteristics
The structural formula shows a trypan undissociated molecule. The compound is mainly used as tetrasodium salt in trade and in the application, in which all four sulfonic be dissociated. Trypan Blue is used in microbiology, and in cell culture for the determination of the viability of cells. The substance is not absorbed by living cells, whereas dead and perforated cells take up the dye and are thereby stained dark blue. One can infer the state of the cell membrane and not to the functioning of the cell interior from the Nichtaufahme of the dye.
Trypan blue binds to proteins. Because of the cytotoxicity of trypan evaluation must be done immediately after the addition of the dye.
Trypan Blue is used in flow cytometry, because the intracellular intrinsic fluorescence, which is caused inter alia by NADH and riboflavin is reduced.
Trypan blue is teratogenic, which was first identified in 1948. Later also the carcinogenic properties of trypan blue were found, which are mainly due to the metabolization tolidine.
Trypan blue is widely used in ophthalmic surgery. With the help of the dye eye surgeons identify transparent or pathologically altered tissue that should be removed from the eye. This may be the lens capsule or epiretinal membranes ( gliosis ). Another application is the staining of Descemet's membrane dar. to perform a DMEK ( Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty )
The name derives from that of the Trypanblaus property, killing trypanosomatid.
History
Trypan blue was first synthesized together with trypan 1904 by Paul Ehrlich. Edwin Goldmann 1913 injected the dye into the spinal fluid ( CSF) of dogs. He realized that the entire central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) was stained, but otherwise no other organ. This was an important proof for the existence of the blood- brain barrier.