Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

The Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo (also Alexander Lyceum, Pushkin Lyceum ) near Saint Petersburg was founded in the early 19th century by Tsar Alexander I as an elite school for boys.

Schoolhouse

The Lyceum was in the four-story "new" wing of the Catherine Palace, the imperial summer residence in Tsarskoye Selo. Some adjustments were made for the Lyceum, the establishment of a hospital room, a kitchen and other domestic facilities. The Lyceum provided the wings turned out, however, as so dilapidated that major renovations were needed only nine years after the reference, conducted by Vasily Petrovich Stasov.

Foundation

Originally the school according to the arrangement of Tsar Alexander I. was established in August 1810 to here and Mikhail Pavlovich Nicholas I, Alexander I, the siblings to educate together with peers and off the court. The aim was to prepare them to fulfill their role on the farm.

The other school places were the training of noble children reserved the best families in Russia, which was intended for a career as a civil servant. The school was regarded as the highest educational institution in Tsarist Russia. The Lyceum was officially opened on 19 October 1811. The first school was under the leadership of the Ministry of Education publicly owned, and later the military office. Included were children of noble birth 10 to 12 years of age. Were informed at the beginning only about 30 students, this number increased later ( 1832) to up to 100

Instructional design

Just as at the beginning of the school 's ideas about the content and objectives of the lesson were not clearly defined, as well as the teaching staff has been put together by chance. The result was an unstructured curriculum and, mostly very young, under-qualified professors who met hardly the demands of a normal high school. This changed only after the Tsar Romanov family were taken from their plans for the training of Nicholas I and Mikhail in Tsarskoye Selo distance. This interest and the interference of the court at the school subsided greatly. This distance was reinforced by the first director, who stayed on the strict seclusion of students, and these prevailed, using limited output permission and restriction of visits by relatives.

Through this seclusion is an independent school climate, which was marked by some young professors with humanistic educational ideas developed. It promoted a sense of honor, independence and respect for the personal dignity. These ideals expressed themselves in the ban on corporal punishment. This led to a strong camaraderie and friendship between the students that went partially beyond the school and determined the behavior of the young nobleman.

The training lasted for six years ( first two three -year courses, four courses in 1836 to 1,5 years ) and the following disciplines were taught:

  • Ethics ( The law of God, ethics, logic, law, political economy )
  • Language and Literature ( Russian, Latin, French and German literature and language, rhetoric )
  • Science of history ( Russian and general history, physical geography)
  • Mathematics and physics (mathematics, physics and astronomy, mathematical geography, statistics)

The first three years were devoted primarily to the study of languages. In addition, mathematics, rhetoric, but also dance, swimming, fencing and horse riding were taught. In the second three years of no fixed program of instruction was given. It mathematics, physics, languages, literature and ethics were taught. Later studies included in the areas of psychology, military strategy, economic policy, criminal law, etc..

The curriculum has been amended several times, but retaining the humanities - legal orientation. Later, the training of university was equated and the graduates received Civil Ranks 9th grade. At Christmas 1843, the school was moved to Saint Petersburg and continued under the name of Alexander Lyceum.

Graduates

During the 33-year existence of the Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo, the school had 236 graduates. The most common were:

  • Nikolai Yakovlevich Danilevsky
  • Anton Antonovich Delwig
  • Nikolai Karlovich de Gier
  • Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov
  • Wilhelm Kuchelbecker
  • Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin
  • Mikhail Saltykov -Shchedrin
  • Sergei Dmitrievich Sazonov
  • Nicolaus of Tornauw
Nikolay Danilevsky Sergey Sazonov
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