Tsuga canadensis
Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis), drawing
The Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis), also known as Canadian hemlock is a flowering plant in the genus of hemlock ( Tsuga ) in the pine family ( Pinaceae ). It is the Klimaxbaumart in its North American homeland. It was introduced in 1730 to Europe and is hardy in Central Europe. It serves the U.S. state of Pennsylvania as a landmark.
Description
The Canadian Hemlock is an evergreen tree that stature heights of 20 to 30 meters and reaches up to 2 meters in exceptional cases, trunk diameter. It reaches a maximum age of 1000 years. The bark is brownish. The bark of the branches is yellow-brown and hairy. The egg-shaped buds are 1.5 to 2.5 mm in size. The unequal size needles are densely and spirally arranged on the branch. They are 0.5 to 1.8 inches long and 1 to 2.5 mm wide and have a life span of about six years. The dark green needles are rounded at the end and have at hand two white stomatal bands.
The Canadian hemlock is monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The flowering ability is achieved with 20 to 40 years. It blooms in May and the seeds ripen in September and October. The pedicle ovoid pins have a length of 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters and a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters. The 1 to 2 millimeters large seeds have a 7 mm long wings.
Occurrence
The distribution of Canadian Hemlock is located in northeastern North America, extending from Minnesota, southern Ontario, southern Quebec and Nova Scotia to northern Alabama, northern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina.
The Canadian Hemlock increased preferably on deep, rich, well- supplied with water clay soils. It occurs in both basic as acidic substrate. It grows at altitudes from sea level to 1700 meters, especially in shady and moist northern and eastern slopes. It forms pure stands or in mixed forests comes with Weymouth pine (Pinus strobus ), American red spruce (Picea rubens ), white spruce (Picea glauca ) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis ) ago.
The Canadian Helmlock - fir is shade tolerant. It forms at the age of a flat, near-surface root system and is then susceptible to wind throw and fire. In recent decades, the entrained in East Asia hemlock mealybug has ( noble gas tsugae ) strongly spread their infestation leads to needle and engine damage and after a few years to the death of the trees.
Use
The wood of the Canadian hemlock is light and soft. It has a yellowish- white sapwood and a brown core. It is used as a building and construction wood and processed in the paper industry. In her home country she is an important forest tree, in Central Europe it is grown as an ornamental tree. There are over 300 cultural forms for parks and gardens.
Under the name of Abies canadensis a preparation of the fresh bark and young fresh twigs against indigestion and Senkmagen is used in homeopathy. After William Boericke a dosage in powers of C1 to C3 is displayed in Germany are powers common in D3 and D6.
Pictures
Mature stud
Swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga canadensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. May 22, 2011, accessed on 31 October 2011 ( English).