Tulcea
Tulcea [ tult ͜ ʃe̯a ] is a city in Romania and the capital of the eponymous district Tulcea. In 2003, the city had about 92,800 inhabitants on the Danube.
Location
Tulcea is located on the right bank of the Danube, on seven hills, just at the point where the Danube forms a sharp bend to the east. On the opposite bank, in the loop of the curve is Tudor Vladimirescu, a formerly independent town called Carantena, which is a part of Tulcea today. In 15 km away is the Mihail Kogălniceanu International Airport.
History
The city was founded in the 8th century BC, was mentioned by the Greek world traveler, ethnographer and geographer Herodotus of Halicarnassus in the third century BC under the name of Castrum Aegyssus the first time; Diodorus also mentioned it. Ovid into his work Ex Ponto back the former name of the city on the Dacian founder Carpyus Aegyssus.
Tulcea is a major port city since ancient times. After their conquest by the Romans in the first century it was based on the Roman East fleet. The Roman Legion I Iovia Scythica was stationed with a troop unit there and watched as Legio ripariensis ( "Shore Legion" ) on the Danube the boundary to the barbarian. Later, the city was under alternating rule by Byzantium (5th and 6th century), Bulgaria ( from 6th to 10th and 12th to 14th century), Genoa ( from 10th to 13th century) and local kingdoms such as the Bulgarian Dobrudja Despotate and Wallachia under Mircea cel Bătrân.
In 1416 the city was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and renamed Hora -Tepe or Tolçu. Bulgarians erected here in 1807 the first private hospital in the Balkan Peninsula. On 11 ( 23 ) March 1854 Tulcea was conquered by the Russian army during the Crimean War, the troops, however, the city had to leave in June 1854 to take part in the fighting on the Crimean peninsula. In 1860 the city received as district capital the rank of a city. Until 1878 Tulcea was a bishopric of the Bulgarian Exarchate. After the Berlin Congress of 1878 Tulcea was awarded jointly with the Norddobrudscha Romania. Until 1940 Tulcea was predominantly inhabited by Bulgarians, but after the Treaty of Craiova left the city.
Economy
Tulcea is still a major port city, also the basis of the Romanian river and Navy considered the gateway to the Danube Delta, which is World Heritage protected. The city also has a small regional airport. Tulcea is an important industrial city with shipyards and textile industries. The largest shipyard was built in the 1960s under Ceauşescu and was the largest employer in the town. After the turn, there were fewer jobs and the number of employees had to be reduced.
In addition, there is a large aluminum smelter in Tulcea. The factory had to stop production after the fall because of environmental problems. But around 2002 a Russian investor had found, has started producing again, but in smaller quantities. A gradual modernization of smelting runs.
From the 1990s onwards, tourism has become a new major economic factor. Accordingly, the number of hotels and tour companies increased.
Nature and monuments
- From Tulcea from driving during the summer season regular passenger ships in the Danube Delta. These boat tours are also available for hotel guests, mediated and partially organized.
The harbor was significantly expanded.
Museums
- Historical Museum of the Danube Delta
- Folk Art Museum
- Art Museum " G. Georgescu "
- Museum of Archaeology and History in Independence Park. The center of this park on a hill overlooking the Danube is dominated by the Independence Monument was inaugurated in 1899. This is a 22 -meter-high granite obelisk.
Churches
- Orthodox Episcopal Church of St. Nicholas; Built in 1865, a decree of the Sultan, the so-called irade, was required for the tower
- Azizie mosque, which dates from the second half of the 19th century and built in typical Turkish style was
- George's Church with the representation of the dragon slayer on the facade and the single clock of the city
- Romanian Orthodox Church of Holy King Constantin and St Elena ( Constantin si Elena Sf. Imparati ) was built in 1874-1876; 1943, 1989 and 1994 restored and re-consecrated in 2002 by Archbishop Theodosius
- Roman Catholic Church of Archangel Michael ( Biserica Sf. Arhanghel Mihail ) in the Traian Street The establishment of the Catholic church goes back to the immigration of families from Bessarabia in the 1840s. They built 1860-1872, a first house of worship. That was not of long duration, so that 1926-1929 a new church building was erected. In this there were soon problems with stability, it had to be demolished. Finally, the community built 1992-2007 a third building at the same location. This has an attached quaradratischen nine-story bell tower. The nave is styled modern, only a slightly more elaborate apse with marble altar and Marmorambo make their jewelry. On the west gallery an electronic organ found its place and she received a framed colored glass cross in the wall.
- Church of the Pentecostal Church Emanuel
- Built church of Old Believers Ivan Bogoslaw, 1868 and 1944 reconstructed and
- Church Buna Vestire (on the same street )
- Church Schimbarea La Fata ( Transfiguration of the Lord)
- Church of the Holy Emperor (on the road Nicolae Bălcescu )
- Baptist Church
- Church Inălţarea Domnolui ( Gloria Street)
- Church Paraschiva
Cultural
- Cultural Center of the Russian Lipovans
- Theatre Jean Bart
Monasteries
The remarkable monasteries monastery Celic -Dere and Saon situated about 25 kilometers west of Tulcea.
The monastery complex in the region of Northern Dobruja is considered an important center of spirituality between the Danube and the Black Sea. The name derives from the River Celic Dere, which here flows at the foot of the hill and got its name from the Turks.
On the origin, there are three different explanations: . The Great Geographical Dictionary of Romania known as the founder of the Bishop Athanasius Lisifenco (1800-1880) with the monk Pais and as 1835 Lisifencos bones are in a silver reliquary in the chapel. Archimandrite Roman Sorescu runs the monastery back to the founding in 1840 by Romanian and Russian monks of Mount Athos. Traditions from the Transylvanian state that in the 18th century monks of Mount Athos have built a small monastery church and neighboring premises. The buildings made of mud and wood are said to have stood approximately where today is the cemetery. A fire had destroyed the facility. Today's stone living cells and the monastery church built between 1901 ( foundation stone ) and 1925 according to the designs of architect Thomas Dobrescu and Dumitru Berechet. The interior design in the Byzantine style comes from the fresco painter George Eftimiu from Bucharest. At the beginning of the 21st century, the plant was projected to a nunnery, the Casiana Mareş as abbess.
2012 views
The monastery Saon is closer to the town of Tulcea surrounded by hills covered with vineyards. It was built by monks who came from the monastery Celic -Dere, from 1846 during the Turkish occupation. First there were living cells and decorated with mosaics Apostle gate. In 1881, more monks came on the recommendation of the Bishop Josif Gheorgian by Saon and began to build a chapel made of stone and wood, which was called Ascension. In 1905 a fire destroyed the house of God. The result was 1916-1945, the present monastery church with three domes in Byzantine style. The construction lasted so long because of the First World War and a devastating earthquake in 1940. Between 1930 and 1959, the facility served as a nunnery. Then Bishop Chesarie returned the pen to its original purpose. But in the time of the Socialist Republic of the monks were seriously hampered in the exercise of their religion. It was only in 1990 reached Archbishop Lucian Florea again the independence of the monastery. In the same year added a new earthquake the church building great damage to the collapse threatened. With the extensive renovations between 1991 and 2007 the church was restored to its stability and the rich interior, the chapel was renewed. On September 2, 2007 consecrated Archbishop Teodosie on the system again.
2012 views
Sons and daughters of the town
- Georges Boulanger (1893-1958), Romanian violinist
- Grigore Moisil (1906-1973), mathematician and computer scientist
- Crin Antonescu ( born 1959 ), Romanian politician
- Eugen Radu (born 1978 ), Romanian luger
- Mircea Axente (* 1987), the Romanian football player
Twinning
Tulcea maintains partnerships with the following cities:
- Suzhou, China
- Aalborg, Denmark
- Werkendam, Netherlands
- Aprilia, Italy
- Fratta Polesine, Italy