Tuloma River

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Werchnetulomskoje Reservoir

Catchment area and the course of the Tuloma ( left)

The Tuloma (Russian Тулома, Тулома; Finnish Tuulomajoki, Tulomajoki; skoltsamisch Tuållâmjokk; Doallánjohka Northern Sami ) is a 64 km long tributary of the Arctic Ocean on the Kola Peninsula north of the Arctic Circle in northern Russia.

Course

The Tuloma entfließt about 65 km due south-west of Murmansk Oblastverwaltungszentrums the 745 km ² large Werchnetulomskoje Reservoir, the water level is at a height of 80 m. Until the construction of the dam in the 1960s, it flowed from there to the 78.9 km ² lake Notosero. The Tuloma flows almost straight line in a northeasterly direction through the mountainous area of ​​the northern Kola Peninsula to its mouth in the outermost tip of the Kolabucht the Barents Sea. The mouth is located immediately west of the small town of Kola, ten kilometers south of Murmansk.

The most important tributaries of the Werchnetulomskoje Reservoir are the Nota ( Nuorttijoki ) with its tributary Jawr ( Jaurijoki ) and Lotta ( Luttojoki, skoltsamisch Latt, North Sami lottery or Lohttu ), all of them originating in Finland. The right Nota inflows WUWA and Girwas and the left Lotta inflows Akkim and Annama open today directly into the Werchnetulomskoje reservoir. The most important tributaries of the actual Tuloma below the dam are the Petscha of right and Schowna and Pjaiwe from the left. Less than a kilometer east of the Tuloma flows into the river in the Kola Kolabucht.

Lie the settlements of urban type Werchnetulomski and Murmaschi and the small town on the Kola Tuloma.

Hydrology

The catchment area of the river comprises 21,500 km ², of which the actual Tuloma below the dam Werchnetulomskoje 6250 km ².

The average discharge amount is near the mouth of 228 m³ / s with a mean monthly minimum of 148 m³ / s in March and a mean monthly maximum of 395 m³ / s in June, where the fluctuations during the year are leveled by the reservoirs. The Tuloma making it the largest river of the Kola Peninsula. Eleven kilometers of the lower reaches of the barrage of Nischnetulomskoje dam to the mouth, where the river is sometimes more than a kilometer wide, are under the influence of the tides.

The Tuloma freezes between late December and February and remains between April and early June frozen.

Use and infrastructure

The Tuloma is not navigable, but is also used for timber floating.

In the 1930s, the hydroelectric plant was Nischnetulomskaja GES ( "Lower Tuloma hydroelectric power station " ) built with a capacity of (now ) 57.2 megawatts in the lower reaches of the river at Murmaschi. The reservoir has an area of ​​38 km ². In the 1960s, the Notosero lake with the Padun waterfalls located at its outflow was dammed to Werchnetulomskoje Reservoir at Werchnetulomski. The local hydroelectric plant Werchnetulomskaja GES ( "Upper Tuloma hydroelectric power plant " ) with an installed capacity of 268 megawatts, the largest north-west Russia. Current operators of the power plants is the North -West Russia from several energy suppliers, including KolEnergo, emerged joint-stock company TGK -1 ( TGC -1), which is controlled by Gazprom Energoholdung.

The Tuloma was before the construction of dams as one of the best salmon rivers in the region, similar to the Tana ( Teno ) at the Finnish- Norwegian border. At both plants, although fish ways (" fish ladders " ) were built, but only at the lower dam serves its purpose to the extent that the stock of the Tuloma and its tributary Petscha could recover at a lower level.

Not far from the mouth of the Tuloma at Kola is crossed by a road bridge. 2005 two kilometers was opened more than a kilometer long, four-lane bridge Kolabucht below the Tuloma estuary, on which now runs the leading the Norwegian border A138. On the left Tuloma shore up the regional road R12 leads to Werchnetulomski and on, the Werchnetulomskoje Reservoir north immediately to the Finnish border. The railway line from Kola by Nikel at the Norwegian border crossing the river above the Nischnetulomskaja - hydropower plant at Murmaschi.

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