Tupian languages

The Tupi languages ​​are one of the most widespread indigenous language families in the lowlands of eastern South America. Among their area of ​​distribution or included large parts of Brazil, Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, French Guiana, and parts of northern Argentina and peripheral areas in northeastern Peru and Colombia to the southeast. The Tupi languages ​​are currently spoken by several million people, the spread of the individual branches and languages ​​is very uneven. By far the most widespread branch of the Tupi- Guaraní languages ​​are the Tupi languages. While belonging to this branch Paraguayan Guaraní alone has about 4 million speakers, is the number of speakers of all other languages ​​together less than 200,000, and many of these languages ​​are threatened with extinction.

Classification

The Tupi languages ​​are divided into ten branches, of which the Tupi- Guarani languages ​​are by far the most common, while some of the others include only one or a few languages. The following table lists all spoken today or sufficiently documented extinct languages ​​with their current or former area of ​​distribution as well as their number of speakers.

  • Tupi language family Arikém branch Karitiana (about 200 in Rondônia )
  • Arikém ( extinct, formerly in Rondônia )
  • Awetí ( Aueti, Auetö ) (approx. 90 in Mato Grosso )
  • Jurunas ( Yuruna, Yudya ) (ca. 200 in Mato Grosso; formerly in Pará )
  • Xipaya ( 2 in Pará )
  • Manitsawá ( extinct, formerly in Mato Grosso )
  • Mawé ( Maué, Sateré - Mawé ) ( 6,000 in the Amazon )
  • Monde ( few speakers in Rondônia )
  • Aruá ( few speakers in Rondônia )
  • Gavião ( IKoRo, DIGUET ) (ca. 350 in Rondônia )
  • Suruí ( Paiter ) (ca. 450 in Rondônia and Mato Grosso )
  • Cinta - larga ( 600 in Mato Grosso and Rondônia )
  • Zoro (about 300 in Mato Grosso )
  • Mundurukú (approx. 7,000 in Pará and Amazonas)
  • Kuruáya (5 in Pará )
  • Puruborá ( Boruborá ) (few in Rondônia )
  • Karo ( Arara, Uruku, Itogapúk, Ntogapíd, Ramarama ) (ca. 200 in Rondônia )
  • Urumi ( extinct, formerly in Rondônia )
  • Tupari (about 300 in Rondônia )
  • Wayoró ( Ajuru ) (about 80 in Rondônia )
  • Mekéns (about 150 in Rondônia )
  • Makurap (probably about 700 in Rondônia )
  • Sakirabiát (probably about 70 in Rondônia )
  • Kepkiriwát ( extinct, formerly in Rondônia )
  • Subgroup 1 ( Guaraní subgroup ) Chiriguano dialect clusters (in Bolivia usually [ Bolivian ] Guaraní ) ( approximately 50,000 in Bolivia, 15,000 in Argentina, 2.000 in Paraguay) Avá ( in Paraguay Guarayu ) ( in Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay) Chane dialect
  • Tapieté dialect
  • Alt- Guaraní ( the 16th to 18th century in eastern Paraguay and today Nordostargentinein and southern Brazil; continued by the Paraguayan Guaraní today ) Paraguayan Guaraní (approx. 4,000,000 in Paraguay and adjacent parts of Argentina and Brazil )
  • Guarayu (approx. 5,000 in Bolivia)
  • [The following language forms form a group of closely related varieties for which there is no separate preamble ] Sirionó (about 500 in Bolivia) Yuqui dialect (about 150 in Bolivia)
  • Tupi ( extinct, formerly in the coastal region of São Paulo) Tupi Austral ( Língua Geral Paulista ) (formerly in the interior of São Paulo and the rest of southern Brazil)
  • Nheengatu ( Língua Geral Amazônica ) (about 3,000 in the Amazon; formerly along roads and rivers throughout the Amazon region )
  • Kokáma / Omáwa Kokáma ( probably at least 2,000 in Peru, about 50 in the Amazon, about 20 in Colombia)
  • Omáwa ( extinct)
  • Kokamíya ( few speakers in Peru)
  • Avá ( Canoeiro ) (ca. 100 in Tocantins )
  • Akwáwa dialect cluster Asurini do Tocantins ( Asurini do Trocará ) (ca. 200 in Pará )
  • Suruí do Tocantins ( Suruí do Pará ) (ca. 150 in Pará )
  • Parakanã (about 350 in Pará )
  • Guajajara (about 10,000 in Maranhão )
  • Tembé ( about 100-200 in Maranhão and Pará )
  • Araweté [ final classification not sure yet ] (about 200 in Pará )
  • Asurini do Xingu (about 70 in Pará )
  • Kayabi (about 800 in Mato Grosso and Pará )
  • Apiaká ( number of speakers unknown, in Mato Grosso )
  • Kawahíb dialect cluster Amondawa (about 50 in Acre and Rondônia )
  • Karipuna (12-15 in Acre and Rondônia )
  • Juma ( 9 in Amazon)
  • Parintintin (about 130 in Amazon)
  • Tenharim (about 260 in Amazon)
  • Uru -eu - wau - wau (about 100 in Rondônia )
  • Kamayurá ( Kamaiurá ) (ca. 270 in Mato Grosso )
  • North of the Amazon Emerillon (about 200 in French Guiana)
  • Wayampi (about 650 in French Guiana, about 500 in Amapá, Pará 10 )
  • Zo'é (formerly Poturu ) (ca. 180 in Pará )
  • Anambé (almost extinct, in Pará )
  • Guajá (about 350 in Maranhão )
  • Urubú - Kaapor (about 500 in Maranhão )
  • Takunyapé ( extinct, formerly in Pará )
  • Turiwára (probably extinct, formerly in Pará )
  • Amanayé (probably extinct, formerly in Pará )
Amazonas (Brazilian state) Ramarama language Mato Grosso do Sul Nheengatu language Acre (state)
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