Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT; German: Turkish Radio and Television Corporation ) is the public broadcasting company of Turkey.
The TRT was founded as a public service broadcaster along the lines of the British BBC. In Turkey, the radio age began in the mid twenties. In February 1926, the broadcasting monopoly was transferred to the post office, and a year later got a joint stock company, which was also the post office was involved, a broadcasting license until 1936. According to the expiry of the concession the government took over direct control of the radio. In 1963, the TRT was founded. By 1993, officially existed a state monopoly on the broadcasting of radio and television programs. In 1968 the first television program was established. Currently competing 16 private national television programs with the programs of TRT, also 15 regional and 200 local television stations.
History of radio
Until 1964 the Turkish radio station (Ankara Radyosu, İstanbul Radyosu, İzmir Radyosu others) were operated under the control of the state of the post. With the establishment of the TRT on 1 May 1964, the existing radio channels have been united as TRT Radyo under the umbrella of the new broadcaster and combined into a station. TRT Radyo was a full program of words and music programs, all genres. 1975 was preceded by two other radio networks under the name TRT2 and TRT3 on the air. The first - until 1975 only radio program - was renamed in analog TRT1. With the establishment of the fourth program in 1987, which went on the air under the name Radyo -4, the TRT has simultaneously transformed their radio channels of full programs to special-interest channels. TRT1, TRT2 and TRT3 were in Radyo -1, Radyo Radyo -3 -2 and renamed to differentiate it with respect to the naming more of the TV channels (TRT -1 and TRT -2). Radyo -1 was gradually reduced to a cultural radio station and music share in the daily program, or set music programs in the late evening. Radyo -2 was the news station, Radyo -3 brought according to the program order va Western classical music, and e- Radyo -4 Turkish folk and Turkish classical music. With the renaming of Radyo -2 in TRT- FM 1997, a setting of the format of the second and the related went hand in hand with the first program. TRT- FM was on a day accompanying program for entertainment music of the last three decades. For this was on Radyo -1 of the program content for news and daily news coverage increased further and went more in depth.
The four radio channels have so far not changed it since the late nineties existing format. Inter alia with Radyo Haber, Radyo -6 etc. came since added more channels, so that the TRT operates nine domestic programs in 2012.
History of Television
In the sixties, the Turkish government debated a long time whether investments pay off in television. Neither a national FM broadcast network for the existing radio programs had been set up yet seemed financial resource for television available.
The first test broadcasts of the television program of TRT were broadcast only in Ankara and could reach approximately 1,000,000 citizens. However, a TV was still one of the luxury items that could afford to spend. The conurbations Istanbul, Izmir, Edirne had to wait until the seventies until there also a television signal was broadcast. Only in 1977 reached the television program 60 % of the population. In the same year was the first broadcast that aired the TRT television also about the government programs of several other European countries, the International Children's Festival on April 23. The first color television broadcast was the New Year's Eve Gala on December 31, 1981. Test programs followed in both color and mono broadcasts exchanged with radiations in color, including news programs, the weather, the children's program and the speeches of the President. In the year 1984, TRT TV broadcasts to all on color television. Furthermore, the transmission circuit has been pushed to the back and added the program earlier in the morning.
On October 6, 1986 in addition to TRT TV program TRT -2 was put into operation, which reached from the start, 20 % of the population. It was established as a cultural and artistic program. 1987 reached 95% and TRT TV TRT- 2 80 % of the population. In 1989, the program TRT -gap was put into operation in addition, that on the channels of the second program sent out educational programs for Southeast Anatolia after the closedown of TRT -2. The studios of TRT -gap were moved from Ankara to Diyarbakir and TRT -gap reached 60 % of the population in the Southeast. On October 10, 1989, the program TRT 3 started as a program for documentation and Parliament or sports broadcasts, and for foreign films and series. TRT TV was transformed into TRT -1 and beamed as a full program Turkish movies, series, news, documentaries and TV shows from. From October 1989, the TRT operation so TRT 1, TRT- 2 (TRT -gap ) and TRT - third
In February 1990, the program TRT -int was taken, which was aimed at the expatriate Turkish community in Western Europe and program content of TRT -1, -2 and -3 took over. To the seer group in the Caucasus and Central Asia, the Institute taught from April 1992 TRT - avrasya.
In June 1990, the educational channel TRT -4 was launched in Izmir, which has been preserved in its former form of content largely to this day. In 2001, the closedown was abolished, since TRT broadcasts around the clock.
In January 2009, took with TRT -6 or TRT Ses ( Kurdish for TRT- Six ), the first Kurdish-language state TV channels on its operation. Posted in Kurmanji and Zazaki is; Arab- and Persian -language channels to follow. The Kurdish-language program that is broadcast around the clock to, the popular Kurdish satellite channel Roj TV based in Denmark evade ratings. The program includes, among other documentaries and feature films, entertainment programs, news and Kurdish dubbed Turkish soap operas.
Financing
The funding of public service broadcasting is done from advertising revenue, taxes on video and television equipment and a 2 percent tax from the current revenue of the entire country (covers about half of the financing), as well as from other sources, eg through program sales. The rest will be offset by funds from the state budget.
The High Council for Radio and Television RTÜK
The " High Council for Radio and Television " ( Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu, RTÜK ) - roughly comparable to the state media authorities in Germany - is responsible for media policy issues: The Council shall distribute the frequencies and broadcasting licenses and monitors the legality of the activities and the program content of TRT, as well as the private radio and television broadcasters. Various sanctions he is entitled to, but are subject to judicial review. The Council was not designed as a last instance, should complicate the fundamentalist circles its way into the mass media. Its nine members are elected for six years by the Parliament.
Directors
Deregulation
The TRT had to fight hard with the deregulation of the market, the 1993 legalization of private competition and the fall of the state broadcasting monopoly meant concretely. The share of advertising revenue fell from 54 % in 1990 to 3 % in 1998.
TRT Radio
TRT radiates following national radio programs from:
- Radyo -1: Word, cultural and information programs and educational programs, radio plays and science programs
- TRT -fm: Turkish and European popular music, entertainment for adult audiences, hourly news
- Radyo -3: classical music, demanding European music, jazz, news in English, French and German language
- Radyo -4: Turkish folk music, hourly news
- TRT Nagme: melodious light music
- Radyo -6: Cultural and folk music program in Kurdish for Kurdish-speaking listeners
- Radyo Haber: news channel
- TRT Türkü: demanding Turkish art music
TRT- regional radio stations ( TRT Bölgesel Radyolar ):
- TRT Antalya
- TRT Izmir
- Hatay -FM (district Iskenderun )
- TRT Cukurova
- TRT Erzurum
- GAP - Diyarbakır Radyo
- TRT Trabzon, inter alia,
These programs bring hourly news and regional information. The power is in the expansion and development. As a regional program in Southeast Anatolia acts Radyo -GAP.
International channels of the TRT:
- TSR ( Türkiye'nin sesi Radyo ): Foreign radio in Europe on shortwave frequency 15350 kHz; TSR programs are also intended for the migrants in different countries.
- VOT- World ( Voice of Turkey- World): Foreign radio with foreign language programs, etc. also in German and English on shortwave
- VOT- West ( Voice of Turkey- West): Foreign radio with foreign language programs, etc. also in German and English on shortwave
- VOT- East ( Voice of Turkey- East): foreign radio with foreign language programs, etc. Also in Persian and Arabic on shortwave
- TRT Avrupa FM: Foreign radio, which is aimed at the ethnic Turkish immigrants in Western Europe.
TRT television
TRT operates the following television channels:
- TRT 1: public law full program
- TRT Haber: News and Culture program
- TRT 3: channel for the transmission of policy and parliamentary debates (along with TBMM TV, the TV channel of the National Assembly )
- TRT Spor: niche channel for sports
- TRT Anadolu: channel for entertainment and cultural programs for Anatolia
- TRT -GAP: channel for culture and region of Southeastern Anatolia
- TRT belgesel: division program with features and documentaries from politics, nature, science and culture
- TRT 6: Full of news, cultural programs and films in Kurmanji and Zazaki for Kurds from Turkey
- TRT Çocuk: TV Station for children
- TRT Müzik: music station
- TRT- okul Education program with Telekolleg shows and lecture broadcasts
- TRT avaz: channel for the Turkic-speaking countries in Middle East and Central Asia in the languages Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek and Turkmen.
- TRT- TURK: addressed to the Turkish expatriate community news and culture program
- Euro News Türkiye: International news channel TRT as a cooperation partner in Turkey.
- TRT HD: broadcasts in HD
The director İbrahim Şahin has announced plans to set up a 2011 English-language international news channel TRT.
Former channels
Radio:
- TRT Turizm Radyosu: Tourism station with programs in English, German, French, Greek and Russian ( discontinued in 2008 ).
TV
- TRT -int: Full program for the Turkish-born citizens of Western European countries and North America.
- TRT avrasya: Full program for the States Middle East and Central Asia.
- TRT -2: culture -oriented full program ( set in 2010 and renamed TRT Haber ).
TRT Internet
Since November 20, 2008 TRT operates its Internet presence in the following 30 languages :
Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Dari, English, German, French, Georgian, Greek, Italian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Croatian, Macedonian, Pashto, Persian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Serbian, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Hungarian, Urdu, Uzbek, Uzbek ( Afghan variant) and Uygurisch.