Ulmaceae

Ulmus laevis in autumn

The Elm Family ( Ulmaceae ) are a family in the order of Rose -like ( Rosales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). The approximately seven genera and about 35 species are distributed mainly in the northern hemisphere. Some species are used as ornamental plants, and some of the wood is used.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description and ecology

Appearance and leaves

They are rare evergreen or deciduous mostly, mostly trees, rarely shrubs. The alternate and usually arranged in two rows on the branches, stalked leaves possess an asymmetrical at the base of the leaf blade with heavily serrated leaf edge. Stipules are present.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

Individually or combined in several differently structured inflorescences are the flowers. The flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual. There are (two to ) five (up to nine ) free bloom yet. The ( two or ) four to eight (up to fifteen) fertile stamens are with each other freely. Usually two, rarely three carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. Pollination is by wind ( anemophily ).

The winged nut fruits, or samaras = Samara called, are carpels, the ovary consists of two carpels, which separate during fruit ripening. The spread of diasporas is carried by the wind:

Dissemination

The types have their areas mainly in the temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere.

In Central Europe, especially elm (Ulmus glabra), white elm come (Ulmus laevis), field elm (Ulmus minor) and English elm (Ulmus procera ) in front, the latter mainly in France and the UK.

System

The family Ulmaceae was published in 1815 by Charles François de Brisseau Mirbel in Elemens do physiology Végétale et de Botanique, 2, p 905. The type genus is Ulmus L.

The Ulmaceae family were long time only the two subfamilies Celtidoideae and Ulmoideae within an order Urticales. Molecular genetic studies showed that the six or seven families and 2600 species of the earlier order Urticales be included within the order Rosales. It turned out that the subfamily Celtidoideae with the genera Aphananthe, Celtis, Gironniera, Pteroceltis and Trema are not closely related to the subfamily Ulmoideae. Instead of going to the genera of the Ulmaceae Celtidoideae among the Cannabaceae.

Related families within the order Rosales:

Rosales s.str.

Ulmaceae

Cannabaceae

Moraceae

Urticaceae

In the family Ulmaceae, there are now only seven genera with about 35 species:

  • Ampelocera Klotzsch: The at least three species are widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Hemiptelea Planch. Contains only one type: Dornulme ( Hemiptelea davidii ) ( Hance ) Planch. It is native to China and Korea.
  • Planera aquatica JFGmelin: The home of the southeastern United States and supplies the "wrong sandalwood ".

Swell

  • The Ulmaceae family on the current system in the APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
  • Kenneth J. Sytsma, Jeffery Morawetz, J. Chris Pires, Molly Nepokroeff, Elena Conti, Michelle Zjhra, Jocelyn C. Hall & Mark W. Chase: Urticalean rosids: circumscription, Rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on rbcL, trnL -F,. ndhF sequences and, in American Journal of Botany, 2002, 89, pp. 1531 to 1546: Online.
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