Union of Sovereign States
The Union Sovereign States (Russian Союз Суверенных Государств ( ССГ ) / Sojuz Suverénnyh Gosudárstv ) was proposed by Mikhail Gorbachev name for a reorganized Soviet Union as a confederation.
One day before the signing of the contract for the formation of the Union, it came on August 19, 1991 August coup in Moscow, as a result of the contract did not come to the signing, and the Soviet Union disintegrated.
The idea of the State Union was then the Commonwealth of Independent States.
History
The new treaty to replace the Treaty establishing the Soviet Union in 1922 and the Soviet Union itself by a new supranational entity. Gorbachev's main concern was to stop the disintegration of the USSR and to reform fundamentally. Preparations for the formation of the new confederation were known mainly in the successor states of the Soviet Union, in reference to the residence of the Soviet president as Novo- Ogaryovo process since in this the main negotiations between the Government of the Union republics and Gorbachev took place.
The first proposal to form a decentralized, federated Soviet Union was introduced by Gorbachev in July 1990 at the 28th Congress of the CPSU. The draft went to the Supreme Soviet on 23 November 1990 which then forms a committee to revise the text. This became operational on 1 January 1991. Already at that time it was clear that the Soviet Union would not be able to remain preserved in their entirety. Since the Armenian SSR, the Estonian SSR, Georgian SSR, the, the Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR and the Moldavian SSR in the desired independence, their representatives refused his participation in the text.
The Supreme Soviet finally approved the text on March 6, which was then forwarded to the Soviets of the Union Republics for ratification. On March 17, a referendum was conducted in nine union republics, which resulted in an agreement of 76 % and a majority in all nine republics for the continuation of the path. In the six republics who aspired to independence, the referendum was largely boycotted.
On April 23, finally, the Joint Declaration on the continued existence of the Soviet Union (9 1 agreements ) between the nine union republics and the Soviet central government in Novo- Ogaryovo signed. It was agreed that the Soviet Union should be umformiert into a confederation of independent states with a common president, common foreign policy and common forces.
By August, eight of the nine republics had ratified the treaty. The Ukraine was wrong the terms of the contract or only under the terms of their declaration of independence, which came in the referendum of 17 March expressed.
Although the contract should strengthen the Union, the Communists feared that now some smaller Member States, especially Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, would insist on complete independence.
One day before the planned signing ceremony of the agreement by the President of the Russian SFSR, Boris Yeltsin, came the August coup in Moscow, whose crackdown zunichtemachte the hopes for the continued existence of an, albeit decentralized, State Union.
Designation
In the first draft of the treaty Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics (Russian Союз Советских Суверенных Республик Soyuz Sovyetskikh Suvyeryennykh Ryespublik ) has been proposed for the state union of the name, thus the abbreviation Soviet Union and the reduction or СССР Soviet Union had been preserved.
By November 1990, it was clear that the persistence of a whatsoever communist state was unrealistic. So the new name Union was created Sovereign States (Russian Союз Суверенных Государств ( ССГ ) ). Later it became the Commonwealth of Independent States ( Содружество Независимых Государств ( СНГ ) / Sodruschestwo Nesawissimych Gossudarstw (SNG ) ).
Participating States
Non-participants
Swell
- Dr Robert F. Miller: The USSR in 1991: The Implosion of a Superpower. eserver.org, accessed on 25 August 2010 (txt, English).
- Diplomatic Bluebook, Section 4 The Soviet Union. Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1991, accessed on 25 August 2010 (English ).