United Nations Climate Change conference

The UN Climate Change Conference ( original English title United Nations Climate Change Conference, also ( global) climate summit or World Climate Conference ) is the annual COP (Conference of the Parties, COP ) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate. Since 2005, the conference has been extended to the meeting of the members of the Kyoto Protocol (Meeting of the Parties to the Protocol, MOP).

The aim of the climate conferences so far has been to develop a successor regime to the Kyoto protocol expires in 2012. This is currently the only international legally binding instrument for climate change policy. In the Kyoto Protocol itself only relatively small commitments of industrialized countries to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases are committed. At the UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, it was decided that the Kyoto Protocol should be extended initially from 1 January 2013 with a second commitment period, reduction targets and duration of the second commitment period should be set at the 18th UN Climate Change Conference in Qatar, 2012.

A global post- Kyoto regime, many no longer believed in 2009 after the failure of the UN climate conference in Copenhagen is developed by 2015 and to be adopted at the 21st UN climate conference, after the decisions of Durban. The contract will come into force from 2020. At the conference in Durban, the influence of the IPCC has been reduced to a mere Observatory.

2005: Montreal ( COP 11/CMP 1)

The eleventh meeting of the 189 Parties to the Convention ( COP -11) was held from 28 November to 9 December 2005 in Montreal, Canada with about 10,000 participants. This was accompanied by the initial meeting of the Parties to the adopted at COP -3 in Kyoto Japan Kyoto Protocol, which was entered as a result of the ratification by Russia on 16 February 2005.

The aim was to discuss the implementation of the self- Japan treaty and enforce it. The States Parties to the UNFCCC in 1997 were agreed between 2008 and 2012, emissions of the six greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N2O ), partially halogenated fluorocarbons ( HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs ) and sulfur hexafluoride ( SF6) to reduce by an average of 5.2 percent compared to 1990.

2006 Nairobi (COP 12/CMP 2)

At the UN Climate Change Conference in Nairobi in 2006 two large blocks of topics should be discussed: 1 How to structure the negotiations for the post-2012 climate regime? And 2 Which action package for developing countries may be decided, which is used to adapt to the impacts of climate change, the use of the Clean Development Mechanism and technology transfer?

In Nairobi, many observers has shown that it is not sufficient for basic progress in the negotiations when Environment Minister or less to be resettled delegates negotiate, since they usually do not have sufficient decision-making power after conception. One of the main claims of climate activists to Nairobi it was the fact that now the leaders should drive the process.

2007: Bali ( COP 13/CMP 3)

The UN Climate Change Conference in Bali in 2007 should mark out above all the way forward on the way to a Kyoto follow-up agreement. The protracted negotiations threatened to last to fail due to the lack of willingness to compromise the United States that does not want to engage in binding targets, but relies on voluntary commitment and the innovativeness of the economy. That, despite this difficult initial constellation a big step in the direction of the joint climate change efforts could succeed ( " Bali Roadmap " ), is due to the emerging markets in the first line of solidarity in Europe. The participation of the G -77 countries ( developing and emerging countries, such as India, China, Pakistan) was combined with a comprehensive technology transfer from Europe. Europe will provide the technical know -how in order to enable economic growth and associated climate change in the G -77 countries. Through this negotiation step succeeded the G -77 countries and Europe, the United States to isolate completely in the negotiations - a position in which a Nichteinlenken would have the relationship with the international community probably damaged the long term. They renounced their veto vote. Hopes for another give in the U.S. after a change of government were not fulfilled.

Negotiation results

  • The negotiation phase for the Kyoto - successor treaty was set at three years and should result in the end of 2009 in Copenhagen for signature. Whether the results meet the challenges, is controversial.
  • Specific maximum levels of emissions have not been established. Contribute only to the appeal with " deep cuts in global emissions " on climate change, was recorded.
  • It was a " UN Climate Change Fund" established to provide assistance in dealing with the consequences of climate change.
  • From 2013 to forest -rich countries can sell the emission offsetting effects of their rainforest areas in the context of emissions trading to industrial nations. The forest would thus be protected from logging or clearing.
  • A comprehensive technology transfer to developing countries and emerging economies was provided.
  • However, Bali lagged behind what is required of the international climate research.

2008: Poznan

The UN Climate Change Conference in Poznan was held to 12 December 2008 of 1. It served to further negotiate a successor to the Kyoto protocol, which should be finalized in 2009. 187 States participated in the conference. The conference was at the same time the 14th meeting of the Member States of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (COP -14 ) and the fourth coming together of the States signatory to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP -4), since its inception in 2005.

2009: Copenhagen

At the 15th UN Climate Change Conference (COP 15) to 18 December 2009 was held from 7 in Copenhagen, was the 2007 target agreed to adopt a succession plan for the Kyoto protocol, can not be achieved. Instead, it was agreed to accept the non-binding " Copenhagen Accord " note.

2010: Cancun

At the 16th UN Climate Change Conference ( COP16), which took place from 29 November to 10 December 2010 in Cancún / Mexico, the failed attempt in Copenhagen should continue to adopt a legally binding agreement to replace the Kyoto protocol. The summit ended with the minimum goal to extend the validity of the Kyoto Protocol by 2012. Were also resolved a forest protection program, and a relief fund for developing countries.

2011: Durban

The UN Climate Change Conference in Durban (COP 17) began on 28 November and should originally due to end on 9 December 2011; there until the very end, there was disagreement over the final protocol, binding agreements and a timetable for a new global climate treaty, it was extended to December 11. While in Durban agreement has been made, but remain the decisions relating to implementation binding. Accordingly, where 2012 in Qatar, the Kyoto Protocol to be extended with a second commitment period and negotiated a binding climate agreement by 2015, which should come into force in 2020. Following Canada withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol.

2012: Doha

The UN Climate Change Conference in Doha in 2012 ( COP 18) from November 26 to December 7, 2012 was described as problematic. According to World Bank statistics, the oil - Qatar is currently the country with the world's highest CO2 emissions per capita. Results of the conference are on the one hand, the further extension of the Kyoto Protocol in 2020, and secondly in 2014 a review of the CO2 reduction targets take place. 2020 should also be agreed for all countries, a binding global climate HIDE. Developing countries and the countries affected by climate change financial commitments totaling $ 100 billion has been pledged to finance climate change.

2013: Warsaw

From 11 to 23 November, the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Warsaw in 2013 (COP 19).

They discussed the division of the world into developed and developing countries, as developing countries demanded their own institutions. Furthermore, it was determined that the warming of the world must not exceed 2 ° C.

For the developing countries were for the year 2013 100 million U.S. dollars are pledged support ( Germany with $ 30 million as the main funder ). Six fund the UN support poorer countries in the field of climate protection. Following an extension of the negotiations one day some building blocks for a future climate agreement could be decided, and a further timetable up to COP 21 in Paris.

2014: Lima

From 1 to 12 December 2014, the Climate Change Conference ( COP 20) will take place in Lima.

2015: Paris

From 30 November to 11 December 2015, the Climate Change Conference ( COP 21) will take place in Paris. There should be agreed as a successor to the Kyoto Protocol with a new agreement binding climate targets for all 194 Member States of the UN Framework Convention on Climate.

For COP22 is a "roadmap" agreed: This is to take place in 2016 in Africa - possibly in Senegal.

The 7 May 13, 2018 and for the COP24 - - November 18, 2018 decided as session periods were already at the conference in Warsaw 2.

Chronology

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