United States National Marine Sanctuary

A National Marine Sanctuary is a designated by the United States at the federal level area in the waters of the United States, protecting the marine environment with special conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, cultural, archaeological, scientific, educational or Esthetikfunktionen. The National Marine Sanctuary System consists of 14 marine protected areas, which comprise 388,498 km ². Nowadays, there are 13 national marine sanctuaries, which are from the National Marine Sanctuaries Program ( NMSP ), a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA), managed. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument is a protected marine area, but no reserve. The program began after the Santa Barbara oil spill of 1969 on the coast of California that imposed a state of emergency in the marine ecosystems of national proportions. The United States Congress responded in 1972 with the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, which allowed the formation of marine protected areas. The proof of the protected areas of coral reef ecosystems in resource -rich Florida, Hawaii and Samoa to shipwrecks in Lake Huron and the wreck of the USS Monitor. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is not a reserve and is managed jointly by the NMSP, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Hawaii.

List of National Marine Sanctuaries

  • Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary ( Pacific)
  • Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary ( Pacific)
  • Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary ( Pacific)
  • Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary ( Atlantic, Gulf Coast )
  • Flower Garden National Marine Sanctuary ( Gulf Coast )
  • Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary ( Atlantic)
  • Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary ( Pacific)
  • Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary ( Pacific)
  • Monitor National Marine Sanctuary ( Atlantic)
  • Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary ( Pacific)
  • Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary ( Pacific)
  • Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary ( Atlantic)
  • Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary ( Great Lakes )
  • Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument ( Pacific)
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