Upper Lusatian house
The Umgebindehaus is a special type of house that connects log construction, trusses and solid construction with each other. The current area of distribution extends from Lower Silesia on the Upper Lusatia and Northern Bohemia to the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. Other occurrences of the construction can be found in Lower Lusatia, the Erzgebirge, Vogtland, North-West and West-Saxons, and in eastern Thuringia.
Characteristics
The Umgebindehaus is characterized by the physical separation of body and roof room or parlor body and floor. The main characteristic of the normal type is " a wooden support system, which is led around on two or three sides of a block or Bohlenstube of the house with the task of the room the body of the load of the roof ( in one-storey houses ) or of the roof and upper stick ( at two-storey houses ) to liberate. "
Umgebindehäuser are cross -developed Ernhäuser. The corridor runs through the house and divides the ground floor into a residential and commercial area. The block room ( living area) is usually located on the eastern or southern gable end, to protect them from moisture. The industry as a solid construction (mostly from field stone masonry) is the log cabin opposite. Here stall, storage and vaulted rooms are housed. Building in which the solid part is replaced by another block exchange, is referred to as double room house.
About the log cabin (hand weaving room ) upper floor or roof resting on wooden pillars, which are stabilized in the triangular structure on shear block or head composite. The parlor is independent of the load bearing elements under this construction and can operate freely. The Baugefüge is typically performed as a stratigraphic or multistorey. In Northern Bohemia Baugefüge is common, in which the upper storey wall sections are built in block construction.
The Raschkehaus in Niesky. A multi-storey with cross braces.
Umgebindehaus in Ebersbach / Sa .. A stratigraphic with short faces.
"Dom Kołodzieja " ( Stellmacher house ) in Zgorzelec, Poland. Storied with struts.
A half-timbered house in the Bohemian mountains with block building on the top floor ( Winney ).
Emergence of the construction
The log cabin had been proven in the Slavic population (see also log houses ) in regional climates. The German settlers, mainly from Franconia and Thuringia, which were in the Middle Ages established that already brought the Germanic tribes known as half-timbered wood-saving, stable construction with: they also made it possible to build multi-storey buildings. A union of the two construction methods has been difficult because of the loss of length of wood is much lower with the grain. Therefore, the village artisans developed over the centuries as the Umgebinde own folk architecture. End of the 18th century was the typical half-timbered arch, which are the houses of their names.
Umgebinde and weaving
The Weber house is typical of half-timbered houses. In the vernacular has survived as an explanation of this construction that they should achieve, not to transfer the vibrations of the hand loom to the whole building: but this seems to have been of secondary importance compared with the improved statics. Probably here observations have been transferred in connection with industrial looms on handlooms. Nevertheless, this design is for weaving advantageous because block rooms ensure a uniform climate compared with half-timbered rooms and thus a nearly constant quality of the Weber egg products.
Special
An interesting element of many half-timbered houses is the door frame made of granite or sandstone, usually with the year of construction of the building. If they were elaborately decorated, they also often represented the social status of the owner. Typical also are wooden crates ( Oberlausitzer crate) and Verschieferungen. Chance are suns ( ray-like wooden crates on the gable ), flash snakes ( snake- shaped design boards or slate pattern on the gable, go to a pagan deity back water ) and sundials to be found.
" Salt and pepper ": typical local Verschieferung in Obercunnersdorf
Verschieferung in Kopec ( Hemme Hubel ), Northern Bohemia
Weber House in Ebersbach / Sa. with flash snake in the gable
Typical crate and sundial in pigeons home / Spree
Umgebinde with sun and lightning snake in Kourim, Central Bohemia
Current situation
Today, there are many efforts to explore and preserve the unique landscape of the historically grown house Umgebindehäuse the southern Upper Lusatia and the adjacent Polish and North Bohemian areas. It is estimated that there are around 19,000 preserved houses in the " half-timbered country." Can be found in Upper Lusatia alone still over 6,000 half-timbered houses. Known Umgebindehäuser are the equestrian home in Spremberg and the so-called " Schunkel house" in Obercunnersdorf that really stand out for its non-rectangular shape.