Urban open space
Free space in the area and construction planning ( landscape planning, landscape architecture, urban design, architecture ) used term. He describes all non- built-up areas by building and includes gardens, streets, squares, parks and cemeteries as well as water, forests and fields. In this general sense, the term is often used today in landscape management and nature conservation.
Development, definition and role
In the 1970s, the landscaping was with the professional re-orientation of land conservation and landscape planning, especially at the respective departments of the universities in Hannover ( Social Science Space Planning ) and Kassel ( use -oriented open space planning ) was advanced, renamed in open space planning. This gained the term " space " is of central importance in the self- understanding of landscape planning. Clearance has since been considered usable place that can be appropriated self-determined people. A space is a place which is open for a variety of actions and can be for other courses of action than the currently practiced general space. As a counter-concept to the free space applies the clearance surface ( green), are excluded (for example, distance green), and on the uses or heavily regulated that occurs in different variants.
Usually a distinction is made between public and private open space, a subdivision that will be added to the category of municipalities clearances (see commons, cooperative, commune ( medieval ) ). The public space is fully accessible to everyone and usually includes streets, squares, parks, cemeteries, and forests. These clearances are mostly under public administration. The kommune space is also available for everyone, so far so publicly, but is influenced and regulated by specific user groups and local residents. So he does not fall solely or primarily in the administrative jurisdiction. A typical example is the village or urban street as a free space, which is basically available for all those whose usefulness is however influenced by the local residents and the people who are there usually go. An essential element of the municipalities free space is social control. The private open space falls into the possession of certain groups (eg families, home and property owners ) who use it and have control over him. Private open spaces such as gardens or courtyards are basically divided into lots and usually fenced.
Open spaces are often in a functional relation to buildings and wider entrances, courtyards, gardens and parking spaces. These mappings and functional references are shown in open space typologies, for example, forms of house and home; Assignments of house, front yard and street; Zonings of sidewalk, curb, parking lanes and infrastructure. The open space functions have a structural and a social side. For example, is superimposed on the material from which a road is built, and its zoning a web of social relations that make the user in dialogue and actions. In this respect, freedom of availability, usability and interpretability are dependent. According to their function binding dysfunctional clearances of functional open spaces are distinguished, the functional binding of multi-purpose up to functionally uncommitted facilities ( functionalization ) is sufficient. Highly functionalized devices are no longer referred to as free space because they are not freely available or interpretable.
The particular use that is made of open spaces is - in addition to the structural organization and juxtaposition of the free space - dependent on what can imagine the user to make in one place. He appears to them to be usable. These usability of a clearance subject to the interpretation of the users change it to use and shape. In this case, the free space gets a patina of use, which is visible and use as a track ( indication ) reproduces a part of the ( current and historical) realized and socially acceptable actions in one place. Clearances are interpreted everyday mundane by users. This is a free space is basically readable, without dictating the reading. This importance of open spaces touched with the metaphorical meaning of the concept of free space. In a figurative sense is spoken of " free spaces of acting and thinking ," Space here means the ability to be able and allowed to something.