Urwah ibn Zubayr
ʿ Urwa ibn az- Zubayr ibn al - ʿ Awwam عروة بن الزبير بن العوام / ʿ Urwa b. az- Zubair b.al - ʿ Awwam (* 634 or 635 in Medina; † 712 or 713 at Rabadha ) is one of the most famous traditionists and historians in the early period of Islam.
Origin and life
His brother was the in Islamic history known " counter- caliph " Abdallah ibn az- Zubayr ibn al - ʿ Awwam, his mother was Asmaa ʾ bint Abī Bakr, the daughter of the first Caliph Abu Bakr, the sister of Aisha bint Abi Bakr, the Prophet's wife Mohammed. His father fought in the first civil war, in the so-called Battle of the Camel WAQ ʿ at al - Jamal / وقعة الجمل / WAQ ʿ atu ʾ l - ǧamal at Basra on the side of his aunt Aisha against 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. The Islamic traditions according to which he was unable to participate in the battle since he was underage at the time. After the death of his father he returned with Ayesha back to Madinah. ʿ Urwa died around 712 on his estate at Rabadha, 200 km east of Medina.
Work and impact
After his return to Medina devoted ' Urwa the collection of historical news from the Prophet time; its main source is intended here to have been his aunt Aisha, the first-hand not only sayings of Muhammad ( hadith ), but also reports on his campaigns to have him be able to pass. Thus were the traditions of ʿ Urwa, both in the traditional collections of al -Bukhari, Muslim ibn al - Hajjaj, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, inter alia, as well as the historical compilations of Ibn Ishaaq, al-Tabari and other input. The reports of ʿ Urwa be interpreted in contemporary Islamic studies as the first systematic and documented presentation of early Islamic history. Consider, especially those reports from the early days as authentic, most of which are preserved in the tradition of his son Hisham in the later compilations from the early 9th century.
His most important accounts of the life of the Prophet ( Sira ) are obtained in those letters that he addressed to the Caliph Abd al -Malik ibn Marwan, and in large part, in al-Tabari 's annalistischem historical work are obtained. The Austrian orientalist Aloys Sprenger in 1861 transferred these letters into German; The latest study is Görke / Scholer, 2008. using the data collected by him messages from the prophets time ʿ Urwa has created the basics of Maghazi literature, the highlight can be seen in the writings of al - Waqidi and Muhammad ibn Sa ʿ d. Numerous fragments in his tradition suggests that he occupied himself in detail with the interpretations of the Qur'an. His explanation of the Quran text is one of the oldest koranexegetischen works, that's got, got in the Tafseer of ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Wahb and in the monumental exegesis of al-Tabari, and also in the somewhat later Ibn Kathir.
In science teaching of Medina was worn the materials collected initially by heart. However, some sources suggest that ʿ Urwa presented his Hadith legal contents according to written documents; he is said to have already possessed " law books " ( kutub fiqh).