Usenet II
Usenet II is a 1998 it launched alternative network Usenet, on whose technology is largely based. Through some changes to the design defects of the Usenet should be remedied, including spamming, excessive cross-posting ( the spreading of an article in many groups), Flames, spreading messages that are not formatted according to the applicable technical standard, and some others.
Design
Usenet II is technically designed so that it can be used without major changes to existing news servers and newsreaders. To avoid name conflicts with existing hierarchies in Usenet News, have all newsgroups on Usenet II, the prefix "net. ", Basically the Usenet II is nothing more than a subhierarchy the existing Usenet.
The core of the Usenet II is a very strict set of rules, based on the so-called Doctrine Soundness ( sound: engl correctly, properly. ). Each news server that participates in the Usenet II must adhere to the Doctrine Soundness and will only accept mail from servers that keep their part because, as he other hand, the risk of being excluded from Usenet II.
The central aim of " Soundness Doctrine " is that the administrators of participating in Usenet II server must ensure that all sent messages on its server adhere to well-defined technical specifications. These include, among other things, that the message with RFC 1036 is fully compliant and beyond as the sender includes a valid email address, which is owned by the author, a line NNTP - Posting-Host with which the host of the sender can be uniquely identified, and a Distribution header, which must contain the value 4GH. In addition, should a message that with Re: starts in the subject, contain at least one predecessor in the header References and may be cross posted to a maximum of three groups; Cross Posts in groups outside the Usenet II are prohibited, as are so-called binaries ( messages which are not made exclusively from text). Postings that do not conform to these guidelines will be deleted.
News servers whose administrators carry not ensure that their users write compliant postings can be excluded from Usenet II.
Administration
Usenet II is managed by a Usenet II Steering Committee. This sets hierarchy Czar ( Czar Hierarchy ), which are responsible within a subhierarchy for all administrative matters, including the appointment of moderators for moderated newsgroups, the stock of newsgroups and the adoption of additional rules.
The Steering Committee can be deselected by a three- fourths majority of the hierarchy Tsar. In addition, a news server can be excluded with a three-quarters majority of the participating II Usenet news server provider.
Criticism
The design of the Usenet II is criticized mainly because of the very strict rules, but also because of the lack of democratic mechanisms. It is further argued that the rules ( the hierarchy Tsar ) give individual people too much power. Proponents of the system argue against the fact that the participation of all users would complicate the decision making process, the decision on fee. In any case, it can be observed that web forums, which also are an alternative to the Usenet as the Usenet II and a similar market to operate, typically have too little strong democratic mechanisms, the administrators in web forums usually about much more extensive intervention than the bodies of Usenet II feature.
The introduction of cancelbots and server- and client-side filtering in the old Usenet, as well as the fact that spammers have now found more lucrative places as the Usenet, have meant that one of the main reasons for the introduction of Usenet II, namely the containment of the spam problem, has been dropped.
Current Situation
Usenet II has not been enforced and is not performed on most servers. Most Usenet users have remained on Usenet either, or then (eg mailing lists or web forums ) migrated to alternative media, where by a panel (usually administrators ) existing rules can be enforced even more strictly.
However, the rules of Usenet II have influenced the current rules of some small hierarchies prevail.