Vacuum sewer

Vacuum drainage ( technically correct: vacuum dehydration ) refers to a drainage procedure in which with the help of vacuum waste water is aspirated from the house connections.

History

The term " vacuum drainage " is often used in common parlance is not technically correct. In the professional world, the term " vacuum dewatering " believed to be accurate and used. This dewatering process was indeed used in 1892 in the Parisian suburb of Levallois -Perret, however, it fell into oblivion. It was considered unreliable because the construction of the pump stations and the type of pipe laying were still immature. Today, the method is a reliable and commonly used technique.

Function

In a centrally located station (combination of suction and pressure system ) there are one or more pumps that generate a negative pressure of 0.6 to 0.7 bar from the atmosphere in one or more holding tanks. About the piping connected to the tank itself continues the vacuum up to the house connections and there is at least 0.3 bar below atmospheric pressure. If in a house dirty water, the release valve is opened and sucked the dirty water into the pipe system from the central controller.

Components of the vacuum dewatering

A vacuum drainage system for buildings consists of several individual product groups. The centerpiece is the time required for vacuum generation central pump unit. One advantage of the pump solution is a unique centralized wastewater discharge into the public sewer system. It can also be installed cost -reducing over large distances. For the pipe system available on the market sewage pipes can be used. Advantage of the vacuum dewatering is that you can work with much smaller pipe sizes (eg, vacuum WC connection with DN 40) on all routes. Since gradient is not necessary and the waste water can be sucked to a height of up to 4.5 m, this piping system is flexible in planning and execution. These overall characteristics of the pipe network affect the project comparison significantly reduces costs from.

Can be connected vacuum toilets, vacuum urinals and different sized vacuum wastewater collection units as the interface for the drainage of all other drainage facilities such as wash basins, floor drains, bathtubs and / or showers, dishwashing or washing machines and rainwater drainage systems. Components of the system are:

• Centralized pumping station in which the vacuum for the waste water transport is created and located to or the holding tank ( s ).
• The pipe network with cross sections of about d75 ( DN65 ) to d315
• The house connection chamber with float switch, which has plenty of storage space and its technology always works even when entry of extraneous water.

Areas of application

While the many places customary free-flow system can be applied only when a sufficient gradient and the pressure system is applied in scattered settlements, the vacuum drainage for flat terrain and high water table is suitable.

The vacuum or negative pressure drainage technology has been used successfully for decades in various fields such as shipbuilding, aircraft or railways. For commercial and residential building construction provides the vacuum dewatering technique over the open channel drainage significant economic and environmental benefits:

• Absolute gradient independently and flexibly in the wiring
• Easiest access additional restrooms = optimum use of space
• Smaller pipe dimensions for the sewer line
• Lowest consumption of water = water cost reduction up to 90 %
• Lowest accumulation of waste = waste water costs reduction up to 90 %
• Less planning and coordination effort
• Individual solutions for drainage in refrigeration and freezer units

Here is essentially the (compared to the gravity- drainage) connection cost less populated areas mentioned. Main advantages over the gravity- drainage:

• The wastewater discharge is independent gradient, thereby substantially lower laying depths are possible.
• The manifolds can be installed with a much smaller diameter, thus the installation in confined areas.
• Sections without connections can also be laid in grave -less design ( controlled horizontal drilling ).

A leak in the piping of the vacuum system is identified rapidly by increased running times of vacuum pumps or by the collapse of the vacuum. Through installed in the piping inspections leaks can quickly and with simple equipment ( inflatable Absperrball ) and be located precisely. By arranged at a distance of about 100 meters or inspections by the gate valve installed in approximately 450 - meter intervals subsections of the pipe network can be separated. The system thus remains intact and a repair can be effected with short response times in the current operation. In gravity flow or pressure drainage system leaks, if necessary, lead in the pipe network to permanently unnoticed Exfiltrieren of wastewater, which can lead to groundwater contamination in the long term. In case of leakage, a leakage of the waste water is prevented by the negative pressure in the vacuum system.

If the pressure in the pipeline system rise above 0.2 bar, the valves of the House floor boxes are no longer open. The acquisition in the troubled pipeline network is reliably prevented and the sewage collection tank of the house connection shaft and the prescribed flood level within the gravity- feed line form to recovery of the vacuum a buffer.