Vanishing point

In a perspective illustration (central projection), the images of all straight lines running parallel to one another in the original but not cut to the image plane are parallel, in a common vanishing point.

In the perspective illustration spatial objects on a flat surface, the image plane is projected. That is, for example, in the case of the photographic recording. In the original image include the roadsides, roof escapes and window alignment of the road built parallel lines: they all boil down to a common vanishing point.

The vertical house edges are parallel straight lines. However, their vanishing point lies far outside of the image in " infinite".

All parallel planes intersect at a common vanishing line. For the horizontal planes of the image, such as the road surface and the floor ceiling, which is the horizon. The vanishing points of all the parallels in such a plane on this flight line.

Illustration with two vanishing points

Illustration with three vanishing points

Especially in buildings, there are mutually perpendicular lines in three dimensions: height, width and depth. The direction of view ( camera direction, perspective ) for a mapping can be chosen so that one, two or three vanishing points emerge. This is known as Diminishing Perspective.

The perspective of an image leads the eye of the viewer to the vanishing point. The choice of location and the number of vanishing points of an image are therefore an essential task of image design. Vanishing points create dynamics and spatial depth. You set the tone and bring objects into focus the viewer.

Geometric construction

The figure shows the geometric relationship between the vanishing point perspective and parallel projection. The latter is used for ausmessbare maps and plans. The projection of all object points from an eye point O on an image area B for both floor plan (O ', B') and for the elevation (O, B) result in vertical and horizontal intersecting line to the corresponding pixels in the projection. The picture shows that the dynamics is more pronounced the closer the eye point to the object. The location of the eye point will not only determine the aspect angle, but also about the visibility of object details.

If the image plane parallel to a surface object, here the building front, that area has (as well as to parallel surfaces ) their vanishing points at infinity. In particular, all of the parallel straight lines, which lie in a plane parallel to the image plane, further shown in parallel. If the image plane B ' (plan ) rotated so arises for these surfaces are also a vanishing point in the finite. It creates an image similar to image. A tilt of the image plane B in elevation leads to either the bird or the worm's eye view.

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