Veps language

Spoken in

• Uralic Finno - Ugric Baltic Finnish Vepsian

-

Fiu ( other Finno- ugr. languages)

Vep

The wepsische language ( vepsän Article ') is the language of wasp. It belongs to the Baltic-Finnic branch of the Finno -Ugric languages ​​and is spoken by 2001, only about 9,000 people east of Saint Petersburg and Ladoga on.

• The written tradition of Wepsischen is occupied only very thin. The earliest evidence are folkloric collections of non-native speakers from the 19th century.
• For related Finnish and Karelian are significant differences: The vowel harmony was almost completely abandoned in Wepsischen.
• In Wepsischen the vowels accounted for in final of many words, such as Nahk ( leather, Finnish: nahka ) toh (birch bark, Finnish: touhi ). Also in the word inside disappeared in many cases, vowels, eg maksta ( pay, Finnish: maksaa ).
• Diphthongs and long vowels are shortened in Wepsischen in many cases, such as hunters (ice, Finnish: jää ), joda ( drink, Finnish: juoda ), ak ( old woman, Finnish: akka )
• Similarly, the other Baltic-Finnic languages ​​typical stage change is absent (change of consonants of the word stem depending on the type of the following syllable).
• The Wepsische has 24 case on perhaps the greatest form of wealth within the Finno -Ugric languages.
• There is a fourth tense pluperfect, which is unusual for the other Finno- Ugric languages.

History of wepsischen language

The Wepsische is a Baltic Finnish language, which remained schriftlos up into the 20th century. Only at the beginning of the 1930s, was created by the Institute for Language and thought of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR wepsische a written language which was officially from 1932 to 1937 in use.

That it in Wepsischen - as in the Livonian - is no stage change and no vowel harmony, could possibly be an indication that the wasp lived on the edge of the Baltic-Finnic language area and parted relatively early as a separate tribe of the language- related strains, and also by various Russian chronicles the wasp already in the year 1000 at the White Lake ( Ozero Beloje ) and between Ladoga and Onega lived.

Some medieval Russian documents from the area of Novgorod contain expressions that may wepsischen origin, but are more detailed studies on this is not possible because at that time the differences between the Wepsischen and the most closely related languages ​​- Finnish, Votic and Karelian - only slightly were and are occasionally found also in these languages ​​words in old Russian documents. Therefore, it is not possible to represent the phonetics language history.

Syntax and morphology of the language wepsischen were heavily influenced by Russian, for example, were several Russian prepositions and suffixes - in kalanik ( Fischer) or Mesnik ( hunter ) for example - nik - accepted. Many Russian loanwords in Wepsischen relate to terms used in modern industrial society, such as the word comes molot'ilk (thresher ) from the Russian molotilka with the same meaning.

In the 20th century, however, we tried to find some modern concepts wepsische new words, eg ezivajeh ( prologue ), kulund ( sound), openuzmes (scientists ) openuz of the words ( taught ) and mez (Human) Känd (case ), lebukod'i (Holiday House). In the 1930 years, there were 35 000 wasp. 1959 gave at a census of 16, 000 wasp 46.1% the Wepsische as their mother tongue, 1979 by 8000, however, only 38.5%.