Veto

A veto (Latin veto " I forbid ") is the insertion of an objection that happens within a formally defined framework and thus postpone decisions or can completely block.

Contrary to popular belief, the term for the Romans was not yet in use; the Latin term for this was intercessio ( " interposition ").

The term dates from the Polish Constitution of 17-18. Century, which could cancel the liberum veto ( "free veto " ) Resolutions of the Sejm in the Sejm, the Parliament, each individual MEPs.

The veto opens up the possibility to terminate against the will of a majority of a method to prevent a law or decision is usually a minority.

Depending on the duration of the deferral thus achieved, there are two types of veto:

Examples

The (usually suspensive ) right of veto is one of the prerogatives of many heads of state:

• The King of France possessed it by the Constitution of 1791
• Also the President of the United States may appeal against him unpopular decisions of the Congress a veto but which can be overridden by a two-thirds majority of both Houses of Congress. The same law, the Polish and the Czech President.
• The governors of U.S. states also have a right of veto. Almost all governors have also yet to make the option of a line- item veto use, which is not possible the President on the federal level. This allows you to insert only against individual passages in bills contradiction. The state legislatures can veto of the Governor as the Congress reject, usually with a two-thirds majority.

In the Security Council of the United Nations, the five permanent members ( the People's Republic of China, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the French Republic, the Russian Federation and the United States of America) an absolute veto.

In Germany, the Federal Council may appeal against any law passed by the German Bundestag a veto. Some laws of this veto can be overridden by the Bundestag, this is called a suspensive veto (Opposition Act), a law requiring consent, however, has an absolute veto. The President of the Federal Republic occupies a special position: it is not explicitly provided by the Constitution with a right of veto, and can refuse his signature to a complaint from him law. Since a law can be validly only after signing by the President or his deputy, the President has thus a veto at least similar competence. To the details and consequences see President ( Germany ).

Also a form of veto power is enshrined in the Swiss constitutional law right of the people to subsequently enforce decisions against public authorities of a referendum, which may render the contested decision again (see referendum). This institution was therefore at the time of their introduction in the 19th century, also called "people's veto ".

The Austrian Federal Council has only a suspensive veto, which can be overridden by the National Council veto by resolution in most matters. Only in some matters, such as when the rights of the Federal Council are to be changed, it is an absolute veto (also: consent law).

De facto veto position holds any party to a unanimous panel. For example, NATO's military operations or in the framework of the European Union can be prevented by a single dissenting vote in the European Council.