Vicar

The title derives from Latin vicar vicar " governor, deputy " from. In Christian churches, there is a set of different clerical offices. Furthermore, acted in the Holy Roman Empire as royal vicars deputy in certain places or regions.

Evangelical churches

In the Protestant Church in Germany, the term refers only to theologians in the practical training after the first theological examination. This practical training is completed by the second theological examination and is a prerequisite for ordination into the pastoral ministry. The Protestant Vicariate corresponds to a phase of training the trainee with lawyers and educators. In the Evangelical Church AB and HB in Austria, the term refers to the first two years of practical training for pastors. To complete the Vicariate, an academic degree is required.

Roman Catholic Church

In the Roman Catholic Church, the term vicar means the bearer of the Auxiliary Board, which certain powers have been delegated by the delegation. The Auxiliary Board of the Vicar may be permanent or temporary ( interim ) written. Curacies were often founded in the Middle Ages by individuals and could refer to an individual who usually dozens of altars of a town church, had to comply with what the vicar as financed "for all time " requiem masses for the founder or his family.

The Pope understood since Leo the Great as Vicar of Christ (Latin for: Vicar of Christ ).

In canon law then we distinguish the following Vicars:

• Vicar Apostolic: head of a Vicariate Apostolic, one built for mission areas bistum similar authority. The Vicars Apostolic practice in place of the Pope, who holds as a universal shepherd, the actual violence in their assigned areas of the jurisdiction.
• Vicar: The episcopal vicar is the representative of the diocesan bishop for a particular area of pastoral care or territorial area of the diocese.
• Vicar or Dompräbendat: Domvikare support the cathedral chapter at a cathedral in its tasks, especially in spiritual actions. They belong to the chapter itself is not, but usually form together with him the cathedral chapter.
• Vicar: The Vicar General is the representative of the bishop in the administration of the diocese, but with limited official powers. It is freely appointed by the bishop and automatically loses his office upon completion of the episcopal chair.
• Cardinal Vicar: The Cardinal Vicar is the representative of the Pope in the management of the Diocese of Rome.
• Judicial vicar: he is still known in Germany prosecuted ex officio and is the representative of the bishop as head of the diocesan tribunal.
• Vicar or vicar Chapter: According to ancient canon law temporary head of a diocese in execution of the episcopal chair. The Office now corresponds approximately to that of the diocesan Administrator.
• Parish priest or vicar Cooperator: A parochial vicar is either a priest who is subject to a pastor and no exclusive responsibility for a parish bears ( assistant priest, chaplain, or curate ), or a quasi parish ( Pfarrvikarie, parish Rector, Pfarrkuratie ) permanently prominent clergyman.

Anglican churches

In the member churches of the Anglican Communion is Vicar (English vicar ) the title of a parish priest, the term is not used uniformly.

Church of England

The Church of England originally differed by type of remuneration between three types of community clergy: rectors, vicars and perpetual curates, German as " permanent curate ". The church was based on charges that they - usually in the amount of tithes ( tithes ) - rose to the agricultural products of the community. These are differentiated between Greater and lesser tithes tithes. The former were levied on wheat, hay and wood, the latter on the rest. A vicar stood in contrast to the rector to only the latter, because usually a monastery filled the place of the Rector and the monks the vicar talked, so that she represented in the community work.

A perpetual curate was usually responsible for a department of a larger community through under the direction of a vicars newly formed community. He received the tithe principle no part, but was entertained by the diocese. The perpetual attribute should emphasize that such clerics same security of permanent employment enjoyed as its rich wealthy counterparts. However, it was mainly the perpetual curates to be of mere curate with private pastoral district ( curate to German curate ) to define who were and unlike the members of the three other groups in their community not representative of the authority of the Church, therefore, is not parson ( priest ) were allowed to call.

A bill passed by the British Parliament in 1868 law allowed perpetual curates, continue to use the title of vicar. The combination of these innovations with almost simultaneous further church reforms aimed to reduce inequality of incomes of the clergy. The distinctions of rank were more and more blurred as a result. Colloquially, any cleric is often called a vicar today. Thus, the term is now used as parson before the reform of the now largely disappeared from the language use of the term.

Most communities in England and Wales have retained the particular outdated name for their community clergy. It predominates in more urban areas, the vicar name, which is due to the fact that many new churches were founded in the Victorian era, the clergy assumed this title after 1868.

Other Anglican churches

In many other Anglican member churches there is another language. In the Anglican Church of Ireland and in the Scottish Episcopal Church, most community clergy are referred to as rector. In the Episcopal Church of the United States of America is a vicar, a priest who heads a diocese funded by the missionary church, while a community that is able to support itself, is headed by a rector.

Orthodox Church

In the Orthodox Church, the vicar is a priest in the Episcopal rank, which supports the actual bishop. But he does not own diocese, which is comparable to the Auxiliary Bishop of the Catholic Church.

Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, known as vicars and alternate representative of secular rulers.

• See also: imperial vicar, Reichsgubernator, Regent

Education

Even in the school were referred to about 1945, in Switzerland in some cases even up to 2000 around teachers who still had no degree, however, had been responsible for a teaching job, for example, for lack of teachers, as vicars (as in Saxony).