Vicariance

Vicarious (from the Latin vicar ) phylogenetically closely related taxa that each ecological conditions ( ecological Vikariismus ) or geographic areas ( geographical Vikariismus ) are represented.

Types of Vikariismus

  • Horizontal vicarious species must not differ from each other especially in their ecological requirements. Horizontal refers here to a spatial separation of dissemination areas. An example would be the distribution areas of the hooded crow ( in Eastern Europe) and the carrion crow ( in Western Europe).
  • Vertical Vikariismus, or Höhenvikarianz, describes the phenomenon that replace species in different levels in each other. Representative is this of Meadow Buttercup (Ranunculus acris ) with a planar or kollinem distribution area, the vikariiert with the montane mountain buttercup (Ranunculus montanus ).
  • Ecologically vicarious species are usually taxonomically very close but represented on ecologically very different locations. These locational differences can be appreciable, for example in pH. So represents the siliceous soils preferring Koch gentian ( Gentiana acaulis) the Clusius gentian (Gentiana clusii ), whose presence is bound to calcareous soils.
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