Vielle

The Fidel, often written fiddle, belongs to the stringed instruments ( Chordophonen ). A Fidel is always played with a bow and is therefore a string instrument.

Historical fiddles

As a string instrument of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance next to the Fidel was mainly the Rebec of importance. During the medieval fiddle had a flat bottom and a pegbox with vertical front or rear mounted tuning pins, had the rebec an arched back and to the side protruding tuning pins. The sheet consisted of a bent rod which held the horsehair fabric taut.

The historical Fidel is detectable in the 11th century. They usually had five to seven strings in fifths and fourths, from the front or rear fitment vertebrae and an oval or waisted body. The fiddle was the most important instrument of the troubadours and minstrels, Jerome of Moravia handed down in the 13th century, the most common moods of Fidel:

The moods 1 and 3 seem to indicate that the Fidel sometimes used double strings, so from a purely musical sometimes had only three playing strings, like the rebec. In the 15th century, the viola developed from the Fidel braccio because, in addition to the five playing strings had two drone strings located next to the fingerboard. The mood of this instrument was d- d -g- g'- d'- a' -e.

From Fidel and Rebec, today's stringed instruments developed. The lira da braccio of the 15th century, the modern violin very similar.

People fiddles

Fidel is also used as a generic term for the different forms of the globally used as folk instruments string instruments. There are two different basic types: the thorn - or long-necked fiddle, which protrudes from the body, a long neck. They are used especially in the Middle and Far East and in North Africa. People fiddles with short necks are mainly in Europe but also in India spread.

Spelling and related words

For historical time the spelling was not standardized. It is situated next to fidel, fiddle and spellings with incipient v. An association of v - notation with italian viella, Spanish vihuela, many French, vielle but is not to produce, since the f- sound in the Middle High German word-initial rather with v was written as f ( cf. → V). The word origin can be traced back to the Altprovenzalischen. A relationship with Viola (Italian viola ) is probable, but the details are disputed.

Musicology has now set largely on the spelling Fidel for the historic stringed instrument, such as the lexicon music past and present ( MGG ). Similarly, the Basel University Schola Cantorum, probably the world's only music high school where you can study Fidel major.

Also, the dictionary and the dtv -Lexikon arrange the notation Fidel to the historical musical instrument while fiddle is considered to be jocular or sloppy expression of the modern violin. Fiddle The verb is used in accordance with derogatory to a more folkloric style of play.

The fiddle in this sense corresponds to English fiddle. The Fiddle is used in the country and folk music instead of the modern violin.

333549
de