Vigna

Vigna o- wahuensis

Vigna is a plant genus in the family Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The genus name honors the Italian botanist Dominico Vigna, who lived in the 17th century and from 1609 to 1632 director of the Botanical Garden of Pisa was. There are about 100 to 150 species Vigna. It is one of the genres of Faboideae whose types are called beans - on the current state of the system differentiates between New World and Old World Vigna beans Phaseolus beans.

Description

Vigna species grow as creeping or climbing, rare self upright, annual or perennial herbaceous plants, and very rarely as subshrubs to exceptionally small shrubs. They are not armed with spines or thorns. The climbing species squirm up counterclockwise. Some species develop root nodules. The alternate and spirally or two lines on the stem are arranged distributed leaves are stalked, herbaceous or leathery, and usually pinnate. There are usually three (rarely 2 to ) 4 to 12 cm long leaflets available, the leaves are thus three parts. The flat leaflets are entire or lobed. The two resistant or early falling stipules are among themselves freely and not adherent to the petiole; they can be quite different design (for example, heart - or shield-shaped, sometimes spurred ), sometimes they are just like scales.

The flowers are individually up to a few in the leaf axils or in terminal or lateral, racemose or composite doldenartig tufted inflorescences. There are bracts, and bracts present, but they can fall off early.

The short- stalked, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and four or fünfzählig. The four or five unequal sepals are fused with two cup lips. The upper calyx lip consists of two completely or partially fused calyx lobes; the lower calyx lip consists of three calyx lobes. The corollas possess the typical structure of the butterfly flower. There are five petals nailed present, two or four of which are grown together. The colors of the petals range from cream to yellow and from purple to violet. The blades are not auriculate and spurred, but in some species have two to four appendages. The flag is normally developed. The boat is designed very differently depending on the type. The ten fertile stamens are not fused with the petals and it change significantly longer with shorter off or are all equal. Nine stamens are fused into a tube. There are nectar glands on the discus available. The individual upper permanent carpels contain three to many (100 ) ovules. The thread - up pencil -shaped, straight or curved stylus is hairy and bearded on one side.

It formed the legumes. Only in Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea ), the legumes are in the ground, similar to the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ). The legumes can be "filament-like " those of peas similar to long and. The maximum short -stalked legumes are 25-92 mm long, hairy or glabrous, straight to curved, more or less flat to pencil -shaped, septate between the seeds and is visibly constricted slightly depending on the type or not. Each fruit contains three to 50 seeds. Most kidney-shaped or square seeds can a aril (if available then often trident ) possess. The distribution unit ( diaspore ) is the seed.

Use

Some species are cultivated for food production:

  • Moth bean ( Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq. ) Maréchal )
  • Adzuki or Red bean ( Vigna angularis ( Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi )
  • Urdbohne ( Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper )
  • Mung bean ( Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek ): " bean sprouts "
  • Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc. )
  • Rice bean ( Vigna umbellata ( Thunb. ) Ohwi & H.Ohashi )
  • Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. (No German name)
  • Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. From her three subspecies are used: Catjang - bean ( Vigna unguiculata subsp. Cylindrica (L.) Van Donkey. )
  • Asparagus Without ( Vigna unguiculata subsp. Sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc. )
  • Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Subsp. Unguiculata )

Since they fix nitrogen ( Rhizobium root nodules ) they are important for soil improvement.

Occurrence

The distribution area includes only the Old World.

System

There are about 100 to 150 species Vigna world. The genus Vigna belongs to the subtribe Phaseolinae the tribe Phaseoleae in the subfamily Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The publication of the genus Vigna in 1824 by Gaetano Savi Nuovo Giornale de ' Letterati, 8, p 113 are synonyms for Vigna Savi: Azukia Takah. ex Ohwi, Condylostylis Piper, Dolichovigna Hayata, Haydonia R.Wilczek, Liebrechtsia De Wild. , Plectrotropis Schumach. , Scytalis E.Mey. , Voandzeia Thouars, Wajira Thulin.

The genus Vigna is by G. Lewis, et al, eds: .. Legumes of the world. ( Leg World ), 2005, 427 divided into seven sub-genera with about 16 sections:

  • Vigna aconitifolia ( Jacq. ) Maréchal
  • Vigna angularis ( Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
  • Vigna glabrescens Maréchal et al.
  • Vigna minima ( Roxb. ) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
  • Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
  • Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek
  • Vigna reflexopilosa Hayata
  • Vigna subramaniana ( Babu ex Raizada ) Raizada
  • Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.
  • Vigna umbellata ( Thunb. ) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
  • Vigna pilosa (Klein ex Willd. ) Baker
  • Vigna monophylla Taub.
  • Vigna schimperi Baker
  • Vigna triphylla ( R.Wilczek ) Verdc.
  • Vigna kirkii ( Baker) J.B.Gillett
  • Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich.
  • Vigna lobatifolia Baker
  • Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc.
  • Vigna linearis ( Kunth ) Maréchal et al.
  • Vigna spectabilis ( Standl. ) A.Delgado
  • Vigna adenantha ( G.Mey. ) Maréchal et al.
  • Vigna peduncularis ( Kunth ) FAWC. & Rendle
  • Vigna Antillana ( Urb. ) FAWC. & Rendle
  • Vigna elegans ( Piper ) Maréchal et al.
  • Vigna speciosa ( Kunth ) Verdc.
  • Vigna nervosa Markötter
  • Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp: With about eleven subspecies used by those three. .
  • Vigna venulosa Baker
  • Vigna lasiocarpa ( Mart. ex Benth. ) Verdc.
  • Vigna longifolia ( Benth. ) Verdc.
  • Vigna decipiens Harv.
  • Vigna frutescens A.Rich.
  • Vigna membranacea A.Rich.
  • Vigna reticulata Hook. f
  • Vigna wittei Baker f
  • Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Baker
  • Vigna angivensis Baker
  • Vigna comosa Baker
  • Vigna filicaulis Hepper
  • Vigna gracilis ( Guill. & Perr. ) Hook. f
  • Vigna heterophylla A.Rich.
  • Vigna laurentii De Wild.
  • Vigna luteola ( Jacq. ) Benth.
  • Vigna marina ( Burm. ) Merr.
  • Vigna multinervis Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Vigna o- wahuensis bird
  • Vigna oblongifolia A.Rich.
  • Vigna parkeri Baker
  • Vigna racemosa ( G.Don ) Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.

No longer belongs in this genus:

  • Vigna aristata Piper ⇒ Fasel bean ( Lablab purpureus )
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