Vincent Auriol
Vincent Auriol ( born August 27, 1884 in Revel, Haute -Garonne, † January 1, 1966 in Paris) was a French statesman and socialist politician. He was from 1947 to 1954 the 16th President of the French Republic and the first President of the Fourth Republic and the French Union, which until 1958 had stock.
Life
After law, philosophy and political science studies, the son of a baker in Toulouse as a lawyer sat down and was also active as a journalist. In 1904 he became a member of the Fédération Socialiste ( SFIO later ) and 1914 the Member of Parliament for the electoral district of Haute -Garonne. From 1919 to 1936 he was secretary of the Socialist Group chamber. His name is closely connected with that of Léon Blum, in 1936, after the electoral victory of the Left Prime Minister of the government of the Popular Front was in 1936/37, Auriol headed the Ministry of Finance. He reformed then the Banque de France and in 1937 became Minister of Justice.
In 1940 he spoke out after the German invasion and the military defeat of France by the surrender and voted against the authorization of Marshal Pétain, as " Chef de l' État français " in Vichy to build the fully dependent of the occupying power, authoritarian Vichy regime. Auriol was - as well as Blum, who was later deported to Germany - interned, the Résistance joined and escaped in 1943 to de Gaulle, the head of the Free French in London.
1943 and 1944 belonged Auriol of the Provisional National Assembly in Algiers and - after the liberation - in Paris. In 1945 he became Minister of State and Deputy Prime Minister under General de Gaulle. He represented France at the United Nations in January 1946 and was President of the Constituent National Assembly.
After the entry into force of the new Constitution - whose first draft was rejected in a referendum - Vincent Auriol was born on January 16, 1947, following the example of the British by the two chambers of parliament in the first ballot with the votes of left-wing parties as the first President of the Fourth Republic and the ( Commonwealth of Nations newly created ) " French Union " is selected. His conservative inferior competitor was Auguste Champetier de Ribes. Forced yet in 1947 Auriol the exclusion of Communists under Thorez from the coalition government of socialists Paul Ramadier. After the losses of the fractious left in the parliamentary elections in 1951, he called conservative politicians such as Antoine Pinay and Joseph Laniel at the head of the government, but not, he managed to win the Gaullist opposition to cooperate.
During the Cold War, he pursued consistently the foreign policy orientation of the Fourth Republic in the course of the United States and Britain against the Soviet bloc and advocated a policy of strength against the independence movements in the ex- colonies, which now had the status of " associated " areas or states. In 1949, he played a decisive role in the re-establishment of the Vietnamese Emperor Bảo Dai (who had abdicated in 1945 ), although the French Socialists had initially supported the formed by Ho Chi Minh communist- nationalist government. Auriol in 1953 accepted the exile of Moroccan Sultan ( and later King ) Mohammed V by the French General Alphonse Juin Marshal residents.
Auriol spoke out against the - from European Defence Community TOE and the German rearmament - from the French parliamentary majority ultimately rejected. After the end of his seven-year tenure, he declined the request addressed to it by the socialists to stand for re -election. His moderate conservative successor René Coty was named in the 13th passage after a seven-day chaotic choice.
In 1959 Auriol cited by his opponent, Guy Mollet Socialist Party in the dispute over its decision to tolerate the government of General de Gaulle and contributing to the establishment of the Fifth Republic. In 1960 he resigned in protest from the Constitutional ( Constitutional Council ), which he automatically belonged as a former head of state, because he rejected the constitutional development under de Gaulle strictly. Auriol was a determined opponent of the introduction of the popular election of the President.