Virgin of Mercy

A Schutzmantelmadonna is a representation of Marie (Madonna ), which involves praying believers under her outspread mantle. The figures under the coat are symbolic under the protection of Mary.

Mantle of the Madonna there in the visual arts since the 13th century. The design is based on the first general law practice of coat protection, after which you granted to a person by covering with his coat legal protection. In the Russian Orthodox Church, where the protective jacket (Russian Pokrov ) Mary since the 12th century, dedicated to him by churches and monasteries and its own feast day (October 2 ) is worshiped, links the iconographic tradition nor particularly to the Byzantine legend of Mary's vision of the Blessed Andreas " Salo " ( 10th century ), the " fool " of Christ, in which take the mother of God in Constantinople Opel in the Blachernae Church her ​​veil from her head, and over the believers saw wide (see maphorion ). In the Russian tradition mainly two types of images are represented: Maria spreads or keeps the veil cape on outstretched arms, or it is held by angels hovering above her.

In the Roman Catholic Church, it was especially the Cistercians and Dominicans, through sermons about new mantle visions - the pictorial conception of Mary as patroness - where geschaute in the afterlife God mother of the deceased members of the relevant order under the special protection of her coat takes believers popularized.

In Western art, the Madonna of Mercy is shown standing - if it deems no baby Jesus in her arms - arms outstretched over a bevy kleinfiguriger people, representatives of the Company and the clergy.

Known protective mantle of the Madonna

Germany

  • The Ravensburger Schutzmantelmadonna was probably created in 1480 by the artists of the Ulm School Michael Erhart. The combined late Gothic sculpture made ​​of linden wood, which was formerly in the Church of Our Lady in Ravensburg, is now in the Bode Museum in Berlin.
  • By Gregor Erhart (ca. 1465-1540 ) comes a protective sheath Madonna on the high altar of the church of the monastery of Cistercian Kaisheim Donauwörth ( 1502-04 ). The 1.5 m high Madonna wearing a blue coat and a golden robe. Under the jacket, it houses on both sides of five believers of different ages and professions. The figure consists of colored setted basswood. She is holding a child in her arms.
  • As a fresco found in the Church of teaching children Memmingen a Schutzmantelmadonna that was created around 1521 by Bernhard Striegel.
  • For the younger Villach workshop ( around 1517 ) the exceptionally well-preserved hardwood sculpture comes from ( H 80 cm ) of a Schutzmantelmadonna with the old version in columbaria, the Art Museum of the Cologne Archdiocese ( Härle donation ) in Cologne. Still belongs to Madonna and the two groups of asylum seekers, a pair of angels, holding the mantle high, so also spoken by a protective sheath group.
  • The Darmstadt Madonna by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543), created in 1526 in Basel, grouped the mayor of Basel and members of his family on either side of the kneeling next to Mary with the Christ child. The characters are partially covered by a protective sheath indicated. The painting also quoted as the image type of the Madonna of Mercy.

Austria

  • A known Schutzmantelmadonna is at the Benedictine Abbey of Admont in Styria. The by an unknown master in 1420 carved wood figure wearing a blue and gold jacket and a red dress and holding a Christ child in her arms.
  • The woman Steiner Schutzmantelmadonna. In the Sanctuary of Mrs. Stone in southern Upper Austria located at the high altar an ascribed by 1510 resulting, Gregor Erhart Schutzmantelmadonna. Under her coat kneel and Others Emperor Maximilian I and his second wife Bianca Maria Sforza. Stifter is probably Maximilian I.
  • Sanctuary of Mary Gail in southern Carinthia. The church contains a richly appointed Baroque high altar, a carved wooden Schutzmantelmadonna from the period around 1600 is in its center. This high relief applies as picture of grace and established the reputation of the temple as a sanctuary.

Switzerland

  • Two examples of protective mantle of the Madonna can be found in the churches of Sogn Gieri at Rhazuns in the Swiss canton of Graubünden and in the church of St. Dionys - Wurmsbach in Rapperswil- Jona in the canton of St. Gallen. Very often we find the Virgin of Mercy in late medieval frescoes in the canton of Ticino, as for example in S. Maria in Selva ( Locarno ), in S. Biagio ( Ravecchia ) and S. Ambrogio ( Chironico ).

France

  • Schutzmantelmadonna the Cadard family to Enguerrand Quarton and Pierre 1452 by Vilatte, now in the Musée Condé in Chantilly

Sometimes we find the mantle motif on Pestbildern where it provides cover from the arrows of the plague.

Madonna (art) Marian apparition Dominican Order Child Jesus Bode-Museum Kaisheim Abbey Tilia Bernhard Strigel Order of Saint Benedict Chantilly, Oise Black Madonna
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