Vitex

Chasteberry ( Vitex agnus castus )

Vitex is a species-rich plant genus in the mint family ( Lamiaceae). A well-known species of the genus is the chaste tree ( Vitex agnus castus ).

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Vitex species grow as shrubs or trees with heights of growth between 1 and 35 meters, rarely climbing plants. The bark of the branches is smooth or sparsely hairy fluffy.

The against-constant leaves are mostly hand -shaped, odd -pinnate with three or five (rarely one or seven) leaflets. The stalked leaflets have smooth, serrated, sawn or cut edges. There are no stipules present.

Generative features

The terminal or pendent, zymösen, thyrsoiden or paniculate inflorescences usually have small, often early falling bracts. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and often relatively small, usually with a double perianth ( perianth ). The five sepals are usually bell-shaped, funnel-shaped or fused Roehrig. The most five white, blue, purple or yellowish petals form a double lip crown. The upper lip is three-lobed, the middle lobe is greatly extended. The lower lip is bilobed. There are four stamens present, they can sometimes protrude above the crown. The ovary contains in each of its two chambers to only one or two ovules. The thin style ends in a two-column scar.

The small and spherical to ovoid or obovate stone fruit is enveloped by the enlarged calyx and usually contains in its four chambers with one seed per a hard core. but sometimes only a part of which is formed and can be found for cavities. The endocarp is hard and the mesocarp is usually fleshy. The obovate to oblong seeds contain mostly fleshy cotyledons ( cotyledons ), but no endosperm.

Dissemination

The genus Vitex is widespread in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate climates worldwide.

System

The genus name Vitex was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, p 638. 1925 was set as the lectotype Vitex agnus castus L.. Synonyms for Vitex L. are: macrostegia Nees, Neorapinia Moldenke, Paravitex HRFletcher, Tsoongia Merr, Viticipremna HJLam. .

The genus Vitex has been made earlier to the family of the verbena family ( Verbenaceae ). The reclassification to the mint family ( Lamiaceae) is more recent; in this family, it is in the subfamily Viticoideae.

In the genus Vitex, there are about 250 species:

  • Vitex acuminata R.Br.: The home is the northern Australia.
  • Vitex acunae Borhidi & O.Muñiz: The home is only Cuba.
  • Vitex agelaeifolia Mildbr. ex beep. It is widespread in tropical west central Africa.
  • Chasteberry ( Vitex agnus castus L., Syn: .. . Vitex latifolia Mill, Vitex verticillata Lam, Vitex integra Medik, Vitex lupinifolia Salisb, Vitex agnus Stokes, Vitex agnus castus var latifolia (Mill.) Loudon, Vitex robusta Lebas, Vitex agnus castus var laciniosa Ces. , Vitex agnus castus var caerulea Rehder, Vitex agnus castus subsp. haussknechtii Bornm. , Vitex agnus castus var pseudonegundo Hausskn. , Vitex haussknechtii ( Bornm. ) D. Prain, Vitex pseudonegundo ( Hausskn. ) Hand. - Mazz., Vitex agnus castus var serrata Moldenke, Vitex hybrida Moldenke )
  • Vitex ajugiflora double
  • Vitex altissima L. f
  • Vitex amaniensis W.Piep.
  • Vitex angolensis Gürke
  • Vitex aurea Moldenke
  • Vitex axillariflora ( Merr. ) Bramley
  • Vitex befotakensis Moldenke
  • Vitex benuensis Engl ex W.Piep.
  • Vitex beraviensis Vatke
  • Vitex betsiliensis Humbert
  • Vitex bogalensis Wernham
  • Vitex bojeri shower
  • Vitex bracteata Scott -Elliot
  • Vitex brevilabiata Ducke
  • Vitex brevipetiolata Moldenke
  • Vitex buchananii Baker ex Gürke
  • Vitex buchneri Gürke
  • Vitex burmensis Moldenke: The home is located in Myanmar (hence the epithet ) and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Xizang.
  • Vitex caespitosa Exell
  • Vitex calothyrsa Sandwith
  • Vitex canescens short, the range extends from India, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, China, Vietnam and Thailand to Malaysia. The wood is used, and the medicinal effects were examined.
  • Vitex capitata Vahl: It is distributed from tropical South America to Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Vitex carbunculorum W.W.Sm. & Ramaswamy
  • Vitex cauliflora Moldenke
  • Vitex cestroides Baker
  • Vitex chariensis A.Chev.
  • Vitex chrysleriana Moldenke
  • Vitex chrysocarpa Planch.
  • Vitex chrysomallum Steud.
  • Vitex ciliata Pierre ex Pellegr.
  • Vitex clementis Britton & P.Wilson
  • Vitex cochinchinensis double
  • Vitex cofassus Raw. ex Blume: The butterfly from Malaysia's until " Papua Sien " and on islands of the Pacific Northwest.
  • Vitex collina ( Montrouz. ) Beauvis.
  • Vitex colombiensis Pittier
  • Vitex compressa Turcz.
  • Vitex congesta Oliv.
  • Vitex congolensis De Wild. & T.Durand
  • Vitex cooperi Standlschmaus.
  • Vitex coursii Moldenke
  • Vitex cuspidata Hiern
  • Vitex cymosa Bertero ex Spreng. It is distributed in the Neotropics.
  • Vitex degeneriana Moldenke
  • Vitex dinklagei Gürke
  • Vitex divaricata Sw.
  • Vitex diversifolia short ex C.B.Clarke
  • Vitex djumaensis De Wild.
  • Vitex doniana Sweet
  • Vitex duboisii Moldenke
  • Vitex duckei Huber
  • Vitex duclouxii Dop: It grows in thickets along streams at altitudes 1000-2300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Xizang ( Medog ) and Yunnan.
  • Vitex eberhardtii double
  • Vitex elakelakensis Moldenke
  • Vitex excelsa Moldenke
  • Vitex farafanganensis Moldenke
  • Vitex ferruginea Shoe Mach. & Thonn.
  • Vitex fischeri Gürke
  • Vitex flava Ridl.
  • Vitex flavens Kunth
  • Vitex floridula Duchass. & Walp.
  • Vitex froesii Moldenke
  • Vitex gabunensis Gürke
  • Vitex gamosepala handle.
  • Vitex gardneriana shower
  • Vitex gaumeri Greenm.
  • Vitex gigantea Kunth
  • Vitex Giorgii De Wild.
  • Vitex glabrata R.Br.: The circulation area ranges from tropical Asia to northern Australia and the Mariana Islands.
  • Vitex golungensis Baker
  • Vitex grandi diana W.Piep.
  • Vitex grandifolia Gürke
  • Vitex grisea Baker
  • Vitex guanahacabibensis Borhidi: The home is only Cuba.
  • Vitex guianensis Moldenke
  • Vitex harveyana H.Pearson: The range extends from Mozambique to South Africa.
  • Vitex hemsleyi Briq.
  • Vitex heptaphylla A.Juss.
  • Vitex hirsutissima Baker
  • Vitex holoadenon double
  • Vitex holocalyx Baker
  • Vitex humbertii Moldenke
  • Vitex hypoleuca shower
  • Vitex ibarensis Baker
  • Vitex impressinervia Mildbr. ex beep.
  • Vitex integrifolia Urb.
  • Vitex iraquensis Moldenke
  • Vitex kapirensis De Wild.
  • Vitex keniensis Turrill
  • Vitex klugii Moldenke
  • Vitex krukovii Moldenke
  • Vitex kwangsiensis C.Pei: It is endemic only in Longzhou Xian and Xian Ningming within the Chinese province of Guangxi and grows at altitudes between 300 and 600 meters.
  • Vitex lanigera shower
  • Vitex lastellei Moldenke
  • Vitex leandrii Moldenke
  • Vitex lebrunii Moldenke
  • Vitex lehmbachii Gürke
  • Vitex leucoxylon L. f
  • Vitex lignum - vitae A.Cunn. ex Schauer
  • Vitex limonifolia Wall. ex C.B.Clarke
  • Vitex lindenii Hook. f
  • Vitex lobata Moldenke
  • Vitex lokundjensis W.Piep.
  • Vitex longipetiolata Gürke
  • Vitex longiracemosa Pittier
  • Vitex longisepala King & Gamble
  • Vitex lucens Kirk ( syn. Vitex littoralis A.Cunn. ): The home is the North Island of New Zealand and he is known there Puriri.
  • Vitex Lundensis Gürke
  • Vitex lutea Exell
  • Vitex macrofoliola Moldenke
  • Vitex madagascariensis Moldenke
  • Vitex madiensis Oliv.
  • Vitex maranhana Moldenke
  • Vitex marquesii W.Piep.
  • Vitex martii Moldenke
  • Vitex masoalensis G.E.Schatz
  • Vitex masoniana Pittier
  • Vitex medusicalyx H.J.Lam
  • Vitex megapotamica ( Spreng. ) Moldenke
  • Vitex melicopea F.Muell.
  • Vitex menabeensis Capuron
  • Vitex micrantha Gürke
  • Vitex microphylla Moldenke
  • Vitex millsii M.R.Hend.
  • Vitex milnei W.Piep.
  • Vitex mollis Kunth: The home is Mexico.
  • Vitex mombassae Vatke
  • Vitex morogoroensis Walsingham & S.Atkins
  • Vitex mossambicensis Gürke
  • Vitex negundo L.: It is being distributed with four varieties from southern Somalia to Mozambique and from tropical to subtropical Asia and the Marianas.
  • Vitex nlonakensis Engl ex G.Piep.
  • Vitex novae- pommeraniae Warblers.
  • Vitex obovata E.Mey.
  • Vitex orinocensis Kunth
  • Vitex oscitans Moldenke
  • Vitex oxycuspis Baker
  • Vitex pachyclada Baker
  • Vitex panshiniana Moldenke
  • . Vitex parviflora A.Juss, Syn: Vitex littoralis Decne. The range extends from the Philippines to the Sunda Islands.
  • Vitex patula E.A.Bruce
  • Vitex payos ( Lour. ) Merr, Syn. Vitex eylesii S.Moore: The circulation area ranges from Kenya to the tropical southern Africa.
  • Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex Schauer: It is common in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam and southern Yunnan.
  • Vitex perrieri Danguy
  • Vitex pervillei Baker
  • Vitex petersiana Klotzsch
  • Vitex phaeotricha Mildbr. ex beep.
  • Vitex phillyreifolia Baker
  • Vitex pierreana double
  • Vitex pierrei Craib: It occurs in Laos, Vietnam and the Chinese Hainan.
  • Vitex pinnata L.
  • Vitex poggei Gürke
  • Vitex polygama Cham. The range extends from Brazil to Bolivia.
  • Vitex pooara Corbishley
  • Vitex praetervisa Borhidi: The home is only Cuba.
  • Vitex pseudocuspidata Mildbr. ex beep.
  • Vitex pseudolea Rusby
  • Vitex pulchra Moldenke
  • Vitex pyramidata B.L.Rob.
  • Vitex queenslandica ( Munir ) Bramley: The home is only the north-eastern Queensland.
  • Vitex quinata ( Lour. ) FNWilliams: It is distributed from India to Thailand and China to Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan and the Philippines.
  • Vitex regnelliana Moldenke
  • Vitex rehmannii Gürke: The range extends from Mozambique to southern Africa.
  • Vitex resinifera Moldenke
  • Vitex rivularis Gürke
  • Vitex rubra Moldenke
  • Vitex rubroaurantiaca De Wild.
  • Vitex rufescens A.Juss.
  • Vitex sampsonii Hance: It grows at altitudes between 400 and 600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Jiangxi.
  • Vitex scabra Wall. ex Schauer
  • Vitex scandens Moldenke
  • Vitex schaueriana Moldenke
  • Vitex schliebenii Moldenke
  • Vitex schomburgkiana shower
  • Vitex schunkei Moldenke
  • Vitex seineri Gürke ex beep.
  • Vitex sellowiana Cham.
  • Vitex seretii De Wild.
  • Vitex siamica F.N.Williams
  • Vitex snethlagiana Huber ex Moldenke
  • Vitex sprucei Briq.
  • Vitex stahelii Moldenke
  • Vitex stellata Moldenke
  • Vitex strickeri Vatke & Hildebr.
  • Vitex stylosa double
  • Vitex teloravina Baker
  • Vitex thailandica Bramley
  • Vitex thomasii De Wild.
  • Vitex thonneri De Wild.
  • Vitex thorelii double
  • Vitex thyrsiflora Baker: It is distributed from tropical West Africa to Mozambique.
  • Vitex tomentosa ( Munir ) Bramley
  • Vitex tomentulosa Moldenke
  • Vitex trichantha Baker
  • Vitex triflora Vahl: It is widespread in tropical South America.
  • Vitex trifolia L. ( syn. Vitex indica Mill nom Superfl, Vitex integerrima million Superfl nom, nom Vitex variifolia Salisb Superfl, Vitex trifolia var trifoliolata showers nom illeg, Vitex agnus castus. .. .. .. .. var trifolia (L.) Kurz, Vitex rotundifolia L. f, Vitex ovata Thunb., Vitex trifolia var simplicifolia Cham., Vitex repens Blanco, Vitex trifolia var unifoliolata showers, Vitex trifolia var obovata Benth. nom. Superfl. , Vitex agnus castus var ovata ( Thunb. ) Kuntze, Vitex ovata var subtrisecta Kuntze, Vitex trifolia var ovata ( Thunb. ) Makino nom Superfl ): .. It is equipped with three varieties from Somalia to Mozambique and Pacific islands spread.
  • Vitex tripinnata ( Lour. ) Merr. It occurs in Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese province of Hainan.
  • Vitex tristis Scott -Elliot
  • Vitex turczaninowii Merr.
  • Vitex ugogoensis Verdc.
  • Vitex umbrosa Sw.
  • Vitex uniflora Baker
  • Vitex urceolata C.B.Clarke
  • Vitex vansteenisii Moldenke
  • Vitex vauthieri DC. ex Schauer
  • Vitex velutinifolia Munir
  • Vitex venulosa Moldenke
  • Vitex vermoesenii De Wild.
  • Vitex vestita Wall. ex Schauer: It is common in Southeast Asia.
  • Vitex vitilevuensis ( Munir ) Bramley
  • Vitex vondrozensis Moldenke
  • Vitex waterlotii Danguy
  • Vitex wellensii De Wild.
  • Vitex welwitschii Gürke
  • Vitex wimberleyi short
  • Vitex yaundensis Gürke
  • Vitex yunnanensis WWSm. Thrives at altitudes 1800-3500 meters in Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Vitex zanzibarensis Vatke
  • Vitex zenkeri Gürke
  • Vitex zeyheri Sond. ex Schauer

No longer the genus Vitex is assigned:

  • Vitex leichhardtii F.Muell. is now Gmelina leichhardtii ( F.Muell. ) Benth.

Swell

  • Shou- liang Chen & Michael G. Gilbert: Verbenaceae. Vitex, pp. 28 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994. ISBN 0-915279-24- X (sections description and Systemtik )
  • SMH Jafri & Abdul Ghafoor: Verbenaceae in the Flora of Pakistan: Vitex - Online. ( Description section )
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