Vitis amurensis

Vitis amurensis

Vitis amurensis called, even Amur vine is a plant of the genus grapevines ( Vitis ) within the family grapevine family ( Vitaceae ). These wild vines - type comes with two varieties before only in eastern Asia.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and tendril

Vitis amurensis grows as a climbing shrub to vine. The bark of the branches terete is initially sparse with spider-shaped hairs ( trichomes ) woolly covered and later bare. The opposite foliage leaves inserted tendrils are two or dreigabelig.

Sheet

The alternate arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The 4-14 cm long petiole initially covered with sparse woolly spider-shaped hair and sometimes verkahlt. The simple lobed leaf blade is broadly ovate with heart shaped Spreitengrund at a length of 6 to 24 cm and a width of 5 to 21 cm. The lobes have rounded to obtuse, rarely acute depressions and pointed up pointed upper ends. The leaf margin has somewhat irregular on each side 28 to 36 sharp teeth. The upper leaf surface is initially covered with sparse woolly spider-shaped hair and then verkahlt. The five basal nerves and five or six pairs of lateral nerves are significantly depressed on the upper leaf surface to something and as well as more or less elevated on the upper leaf surface clearly visible, mostly glabrous or hairy fluffy. The membranous, brown stipules are 4-8 mm long and 3-5 mm wide with smooth edge and blunt upper end.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends into China from May to June. The foliage leaves opposed, loose, Rispige inflorescence is 5-13 cm long. The well-developed inflorescence axes are initially covered with sparse woolly spider-shaped hair and sometimes verkahlt. The 2-6 mm long flower stems are bare.

Vitis amurensis is polygamous, dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The flower buds are obovate with a rounded upper end at a length of 1.5 to 3 mm. The most functionally unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. The bald cup is 0.2 to 0.3 mm long with almost smooth boundary. The five petals are fused at the top and stand out from the blossoming as a whole cap -like ( calyptra ). The eye-catching discus is 0.3 to 0.5 mm in size. It is only the inner circle with five stamens present. In male flowers the stamens are inserted on the discus thready and 0.9 to 2 mm long. The yellow anthers are ovate -elliptic, with a length of 0.4 to 0.6 mm. In female flowers, the vestigial stamens are short. Derkonische, upper continuous, two-chamber ovary contains each ovary chamber two ovules. The clearly visible stylus is thickened at its base a little and ends in a slightly enlarged scar.

Fruit and seeds

In China, the fruits ripen from July to September. Which, with a length of about 16 mm and a diameter of about 10 mm spherical berry contains two to four seeds. The inverted egg-shaped seeds are clipped at the top. The Chalazalknoten is elliptical.

Systematics and distribution

The first description of Vitis amurensis was in 1857 by Franz Josef Ruprecht in the Bulletin de la Classe Physico - Mathématique de l' Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint- Pétersbourg, vol 15, p 266 The epithet amurensis refers to its first location, the Amur valley with the river of the same on the Russian- Chinese border. A synonym for Vitis amurensis Rupr. Vitis is shiragae Makino.

Vitis amurensis Vitis belongs to series of the subgenus ( Eu ) Vitis in the genus Vitis.

From Vitis amurensis, there are only two confirmed varieties:

• Vitis amurensis Rupr. var amurensis ( Syn: Vitis vinifera var amurensis rule in 1861, Vitis amurensis var genuina, Vitis thunbergii auct non sieve et Zucc 1886.. . ): The chromosome number is 2n = 38 It grows only at altitudes 200-2100 m in the Chinese provinces of Anhui ( Jinzhai ), Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi and Zhejiang. It also occurs in the Russian administrative districts Amur and Primorye region and the in Korea.
• Vitis amurensis var dissecta Skvortsov ( syn. Vitis amurensis var yanshanensis DZLu & HPLiang, Vitis baihuashanensis MSKang & DZLu. ): It grows only at altitudes between 100 and 200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.

In the Flora of China is a third variety Vitis amurensis var funiushanensis FSWang (it was in Fa Song Wang, Zhu Changshan, Yang Depo Zhang Hongda &: Systematic study on the genus Vitis L. of China, in: Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, Volume 8, Issue 1, 2000, p.5 published ) mentioned; it is supposed to happen in Henan, but the authors of the Flora of China have seen no material of this variety.

Use

Vitis amurensis is often used because of their good fungal resistance ( for example, against mildew and powdery mildew ) in the base breeding as breeding partners. Vitis amurensis was used as a father at inquiries carried out in Hungary intersections. After several backcrosses very hardy, high-yielding varieties for extreme climates could be achieved.

The prized fruit is raw or cooked and used dried for winter. They are used in beverages. The relatively small berries have a slightly bitter taste and dried, they are usually bitter. Young leaves are eaten cooked as a vegetable. The young leaves are cooked filled and then have a pleasant taste. Young vines are eaten raw or cooked.

The Medinan effects were investigated. Some ingredients are to have effect on certain forms of cancer.

A yellow dye is obtained from the fresh or dried leaves.

The Amurrebe is used on pergolas and walls as an ornamental plant.

Swell

• Hui Ren & June Who: Vitis Vitis amurensis, pp. 218 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Editor): Flora of China, Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 19 November 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 (Sections Description, distribution and systematics)
• Y.-H. Wan, H. Schwaninger, D. Li, CJ Simon, Y. Wang and C. Zhang,: A review of taxonomic research on Chinese wild grapes, In: Vitis ( Geilweilerhof ), Volume 47, 2008, p 85 ISSN 0042 -7500 full-Text PDF. ( Section systematics)