Vitis

Vitis vinifera subsp. Noble vinifera vine

The grapevines ( Vitis ), or vines called, are a genus of flowering plants in the family of grapevine family ( Vitaceae ). The approximately 60 species have a wide natural distribution in the world. The Noble Grape Vine (Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera ) is cultivated in many different grape varieties for wine production around the world in the appropriate climate zones ( wine regions ).

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The vines species grow as more or deciduous, climbing shrubs or lianas. Your bark peels off in longitudinal strips. The mostly two -forked tendrils branches have no adhesive discs and put over the fan leaves on. The alternate arranged leaves are stalked. The leaf blades are simple, lobed or sometimes composed palmate. The stipules usually fall off early.

Generative features

The vines species are hermaphroditic and monoecious, or dioecious - dioecious. Most many flowers are in long, paniculate or thyrsenförmigen inflorescences, botanical wrong also called grapes together. The flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. The five sepals are tiny and are bowl- together. The five petals are fused at the top and stand out from the blossoming as a whole cap -like ( calyptra ). It's just a circle with five stamens present. At the base of the ovary, a discussion is provided which is striking and five-lobed or annular. The ovary has two compartments, each with two ovules. The short, slender, conical style ends in a substantially enlarged scar.

The grapes are fleshy, round berries, which contain two to four seeds. The hard, inverted egg-shaped, inverted ovoid - elliptical to pear-shaped seeds contained in the cross-section M-shaped endosperm.

Dissemination

The focus of the natural range lies in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus comes but also in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa and Polynesia. Centers of biodiversity are China and eastern North America. In China, 37 species occur, of which 30 are only there.

System

The first publication of the genus Vitis was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, pp. 202-203. As lectotype in 1913 Vitis vinifera L. by NL Britton and A. Brown in Ill. Fl. N.U.S., 2nd Edition, 2, pp. 505 set. Synonyms for Vitis L. are Ampelovitis Carrière, Muscadinia ( Planch. ) Small, Spinovitis Romanet du Caillaud. and Spinovitis Carrière nom. inval ..

The genus Vitis is divided into two sub-genera with about 60 species:

  • Subgenus Muscadinia Planch. Available with two or three different ways: Vitis popenoei J.H.Fennel
  • Vitis munsoniana Simps.
  • Vitis rotundifolia Michx.
  • Vitis aestivalis Michx. aestivalis var ( syn. Vitis aestivalis var glauca ( Munson ) LHBailey, Vitis aestivalis var smalliana ( LHBailey ) Comeaux, Vitis gigas JHFennel, Vitis lincecumii var glauca Munson, Vitis smalliana LHBailey )
  • Vitis aestivalis var bicolor Deam ( syn. Vitis aestivalis var argentifolia Fernald, Vitis argentifolia Munson ex LHBailey )
  • Vitis aestivalis var lincecumii ( Buckley ) Munson ( syn. Vitis lincecumii Buckley )
  • Vitis amurensis Rupr. var amurensis
  • Vitis amurensis var dissecta Skvortsov
  • Vitis amurensis var yanshanensis DZLu & HPLiang
  • Vitis balansana Planch. var balansana
  • Vitis balansana var ficifolioides ( WTWang ) CLLI ( syn. Vitis ficifolioides WTWang )
  • Vitis tomentosa var balansana C.L.Li
  • Vitis bellula ( Rehder ) WTWang var bellula ( syn. Vitis pentagona var bellula Rehder )
  • Vitis bellula var pubigera C.L.Li
  • Vitis bryoniifolia Bunge var bryoniifolia ( syn. Vitis adstricta Hance )
  • Vitis bryoniifolia var ternata ( WTWang ) CLLI ( syn. Vitis adstricta ternata var WTWang )
  • Vitis cinerea var baileyana ( Munson ) Comeaux ( subg. Vitis ) ( syn. Vitis baileyana Munson, Munson Vitis virginiana )
  • Vitis cinerea ( Engelm. ) (. Gray bark vine ex Engelm var Millardet cinerea, Syn: Vitis aestivalis var cinerea Engelm. )
  • Vitis cinerea var floridana Munson ( syn. Vitis simpsonii Munson )
  • Vitis berlandieri (Vitis cinerea var helleri ( LHBailey ) MOMoore, Syn: Kalkrebe, Vitis berlandieri Planchon, Vitis cordifolia var helleri LHBailey )
  • Vitis davidii var cyanocarpa ( Gagnep. ) coffin. ( Syn: Vitis armata var cyanocarpa Gagnep. )
  • Vitis davidii ( Rom. Caill. ) Foëx davidii var
  • Vitis davidii var ferruginea Merr. Chun &
  • Vitis davidii var X. hispida D.Wang & S.C.Chen
  • Vitis luochengensis W.T.Wang var luochengensis
  • Vitis luochengensis var tomentosonerva C.L.Li
  • Vitis piasezkii var pagnuccii ( Rom. Caill ex Planch.. ) Rehder ( syn.. Vitis pagnuccii Rome Caill ex Planch.. )
  • Vitis piasezkii Maxim. var piasezkii
  • Vitis vinifera L.: Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris ( CCGmel. ) Hegi, Syn: Vitis sylvestris CCGmel. ( Wild grapevine)
  • Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera, Syn: Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa ( DC.) Hegi, noble vine Among the many varieties.

Swell

  • Hui Ren & June Who: Vitis, pp. 210 - text Registered as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Editor): Flora of China, Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, November 19, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
  • S. Nazimuddin & M. Qaiser: Vitis in the Flora of Pakistan.
  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil Fitschen - interactive ( CD -Rom ), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 ( for features )
  • Walter Hillebrand, Heinz Lott, Franz Pfaff: Handbook of varieties, 13th edition, specialist publisher Dr. Fraund GmbH, Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-921156-53- X ( for classification)
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