Vladimir Rusanov
Vladimir Alexandrovich Rusanov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Русанов; * 3 Novemberjul / November 15 1875greg in Oryol, .. † probably in 1913 north of the Taimyr peninsula ) was a Russian polar explorer and geologist who achieved fame primarily due to the Novaya Zemlya research.
- 3.1 First expedition to Matotschkin crowd
- 3.2 The French expedition Benards
- 3.3 The third expedition
- 3.4 circumnavigation of the North Island
- 3.5 circumnavigation of the South Island
- 4.1 Spitsbergen
- 4.2 The search for the transarktischen passage
Childhood
Rusanov came from a merchant family, his father, however, had financially ruined before his death and left the family destitute.
Study
Political Activities
During his studies Rusanov came into contact with revolutionary underground circles, in 1896 he joined the Social Democratic labor movement. After he finished school in 1897, he studied at the scientific institute of the University of Kiev, because of his political activities he, however, the study privileges have been removed. On 4 May 1897 he was arrested and began in prison with books about the discoveries of the 19th century to employ. Special attention was the work of Fridtjof Nansen " In Night and Ice: The Norwegian Polar Expedition 1893-96 ". 1899 Rusanov was dismissed, but remained under police surveillance. In 1901 he was exiled to Ust- Syssolsk, where he worked as a surveyor and the surrounding areas explored scientifically for forays.
Studies at the Sorbonne
1903 Rusanov went into exile in Paris, where he enrolled at the Sorbonne, in order to complete his studies in science. Rusanov specialized in geology and has been dealing with volcanology, he worked intensively with the eruption of Vesuvius in 1906.
Novaya Zemlya
First expedition to Matotschkin crowd
In the spring of 1907 Rusanov returned to Russia, where he was assisted to his own surprise of highest state parties in the preparation of an Arctic expedition to Novaya Zemlya. The reason was that tsarist Russia saw its supremacy in the Barents and Kara Seas endangered by Norwegian expeditions.
In mid-July 1907, he broke with the steamship Koroleva Olga Konstantinovna on in the Kara Sea, which he reached by the Matotschkin crowd. In September, he successfully returned to Archangel and went back to Paris.
The French expedition Benards
There his research had attracted attention, and Rusanov was selected in 1908 to accompany a French expedition under Captain Benard according to Novaya Zemlya as a geologist. There Rusanov discovered rich mineral deposits and completed the first land crossing of Novaya Zemlya. This expedition established Russanows reputation as an excellent geologist and reckless adventurer.
Back in Paris, Rusanov devoted himself to the study of the collected facts, including the Silurvorkommen. He also drew amazing conclusions about the colonization of the Arctic with Devonian fauna.
The third expedition
Rusanov 1909 took part in another polar expedition. Officially was under the management Ju. W. Kramer, but in fact had Rusanov the reins. On July 4, 1909, the five -man crew of the steamboat Koroleva Olga Konstantinovna from Arkhangelsk ran out; on July 9, she landed on Novaya Zemlya, where Rusanov had built a base camp. In the construction works, Rusanov badly injured foot, but he broke, even braving bad weather, into the island on. His geological researches have been crowned with success, he discovered numerous mineral resources such as coal, marble, diabase and slate. Since Rusanov assumed that Novaya Zemlya is the ideal stopover for the Northeast Passage, he also explored the currents on the west coast of the island.
Circumnavigation of the North Island
1910 Rusanov was the sole management of an expedition to Novaya Zemlya for the first time. Aboard the Dmitry Solunski, which was controlled by an experienced driver Grigori Ivanovich Pospelov North Pole, he set out on July 12. On July 20, the well-equipped expedition reached the Straits Matotschkin crowd, almost a month later finally the goal: the northernmost point of Novaya Zemlya. Trying the North Island ( Severny ostrow ) to drive around to zurückzusegeln on the east coast, failed initially, so the expedition to the North Cape, the island returned where Dmitri Solunski was trapped by ice on 19 August and crushed by the ice sheets to be threatened. The ship drifted to the east, and ultimately succeeded in freeing them from the ice, on August 31 In 1910 Rusanov Matotschkin the crowd, it was the first time to circumnavigate the island of Novaya Zemlya north.
Circumnavigation of the South Island
1911 broke Rusanov a fifth time, this time aboard the Polar, with the aim to circumnavigate the South Island of Novaya Zemlya ( Youzhny ostrow ). This was it failed on previous missions due to lack of fuel. In addition, the expedition was to serve primarily meteorological and hydrographic studies. In fact, Rusanov provided new evidence regarding the surface flow of the Barents and Kara Seas.
Russanows last expedition
Spitsbergen
On July 9, 1912 Rusanov finally embarked on his last expedition: With Hercules and 14 companions, including Rudolf Lasarevich Samoilowitsch, he left Murmansk; the official target was Svalbard, whose western coast he reached the Bellsund on July 16. Although saw the original plan that Rusanov should end of October of the same year to return the Hercules, but the extensive polar equipment and supplies for 1 1/ 2 years suggest that Rusanov had planned from the beginning more than just to visit Spitsbergen. Together with two sailors he crossed the island to the east coast. On the way back Rusanov fell into a crevasse, but remained miraculously unharmed. Then he inspected the Hercules the entire west coast, discovered rich coal deposits and sat 28 landmarks that should mark Russia's right to promote the resources on Spitsbergen. In addition, Rusanov operation paleontological, zoological, botanical and oceanographic studies on Spitsbergen.
The search for the transarktischen passage
Then sent Rusanov Samoilowitsch, zoologists Swatosch and the diseased boatswain Popov on a Norwegian steamer back to Russia, he went against the official plan to the east, where he gave a telegram on 18 August that the last sign of life of Hercules and the 13 should be man crew: He announced his intention to continue on from Novaya Zemlya, in order to drive through the Northeast Passage.
Organized by the Russian Geographical Society rescue trips in the years 1914 and 1916 were fruitless, 1934 on what was then a nameless island north of the Taimyr peninsula, which was named after in honor of the last expedition Russanows " Hercules Island ", found articles of Hercules or their crews were assigned to. Also on the neighboring " Popov Tschuktschin Island " ( Ostrow Popova - Tschuktschina ), named after a sailor of the expedition, traces of the expedition were also found. 1947, the Rusanov expedition discovered Severnaya Zemlya also attributable to items on.
Naming
In honor Russanows a bay and a peninsula Novaya Zemlya is named, as is a glacier on Severnaya Zemlya and a mountain in Antarctica. In his home town of Oryol, there is a Rusanov Museum.