Vocalise
As vocalise is called a piece of music that is sung only on vowels. The Vocalise thus represents a " song without words " dar. This is only sung on vowels, not on solfeggio and differ depending. This vocal technique is also called vocalize. There are several voices vocalise and vocalise for a solo voice.
Vokalisen go back to the mid-18th century. Jean -Antoine Bérard (1710-1772) published 1755 in his song text book " L'Art du chant " a selection of songs by composers such as Jean -Baptiste Lully and Jean -Philippe Rameau, however, to publish without the accompanying words or lyrics with. He had selected these songs solely on the basis of their value as practice pieces for his singing course.
In the 19th century vocalise primarily for educational purposes of teaching singing ( tone production, etc.) were then developed. A parallel, but closely related to the vocalise development took place in the early 19th Century: Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy -founded about 1828 the music genre of songs without words, in which an instrument (eg, piano) plays the part of the song-like singing voice.
From these beginnings, it then vocalise and the song without words as a separate music genre and art form established. Among other things, Gabriel Fauré, Igor Stravinsky, Heitor Villa -Lobos and Mauricio Kagel have vocalise composed. Sergei Rachmaninov's Vocalise Op 34 No 14 from 1912 (written for the Russian soprano Antonina Neschdanowa ) is today probably the most famous piece of this musical genre, which has Rachmaninoff later orchestrated. Have become famous the vocalizations of the Italian Giuseppe Concone (1801-1861), which are now listed as Conconen. Most vocalizations are available for women's voices.
Because of censorship or self-censorship, it may happen that songs with an actual text will be published only as a vocalise. For Internet phenomenon so was in 2010 Eduard CH $ vocalized interpretation of Arkady Ostrovsky Я очень рад, ведь я, наконец, возвращаюсь домой, which had been published in 1976, as Trololo song. The song was originally supposed to be about a cowboy who returns home; As this is in the Soviet Union " too American " was that it was taken only as a vocalise.