Volcanic cone
Spatter and cinder cones are a type of volcanoes that consist of pyroclastic material and therefore also summarized pyroclastic cones are called. They usually only reach a height of ten to a few hundred meters with a diameter of at most a few hundred meters and are thus much smaller than the more familiar forms stratovolcano, and shield volcano. They almost always have a regular conical shape with steep sides and a blunt tip. As flank volcanoes populate them often in the hanging masses of large volcanoes such as Mount Etna.
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Cinder cones
Cinder cones ( cinder cone or scoria cone english ) consist of loosely layered tephra, which is only held together by gravity. Their flanks have depending on the diameter of the slags an angle of typically 33 °.
If only loose material conveyed from volcanic vents, the coarse fragments accumulate in a wall at around the chimney and build the cinder cone on. They are the most common volcanoes on the continent, in Central Europe are known from the Eifel. The profile of such a cone is determined by the maximum slope angle at which the mass of debris are still stable without slipping down the slope. The larger, almost on the top falling fragments can form very steep and stable relationships. The finer particles are carried away from the chimney and continue to perform at the base of the cone to gentler slopes. The classic concave volcanic cone with its central vent at the top makes this change in the slope form seen.
Examples are the Paricutin in Mexico and Sunset Crater in Arizona.
Welding cinder cone
Welding cinder cone (English spatter cone ) are composed of larger lapilli and volcanic bombs. These elements are large enough to still close to land after ejection of the melt temperature and so to stick on impact to welding slag. The edges of a Welding cinder cone are often much steeper than that of a cinder cone.
Examples are the Puu Oo on Kīlauea in Hawaii and the Eldborg to Iceland.
Hydrovulkanische cone
Cinder Cone
Cinder Cone (English ash cone ) can arise in phreatomagmatic explosions when rising magma makes contact with ground water, melting or seawater. The explosive steam produced smashed the surrounding rock in volcanic ash that is deposited in small and very small outbreaks around the volcanic vent in cone shape. Solidified by pressure over geological time to rock ( tuff ), they are called tuff. The eruption force is low in these outbreaks, the material is typically ejected in relatively shallow angle so that the volcanic cone has a low profile and only a low level.
One example is the tuff cone Barcena on the island belonging to Mexico San Benedicto.
Tuff ring
Also Tuffringe (English tuff ring ) are as tuff cone formed by phreatomagmatic explosions. However, they are lower than this and have shallower slope angle of typically less than 25 degrees. Through a large diameter in relation to height and a large shallow crater they show the typical ring structure.
Examples of Tuffringe are the Hverfjall on Iceland and the Diamond Head (Hawaii).