Wall

A wall (from Latin murus ) is a massive, free-standing and flat structure. In its ordinary sense as one built of stone and mortar wall, the word was borrowed in time when Germanic tribes first met the Roman stone construction technology, and is therefore - like many other terms of construction too - of Latin origin. The lower limit is sole, called the upper crown, often covered with a wall cover. Be Created traditional walls of masons.

Material

In the original sense of the word it is a masonry, so it is assembled from natural stone or artificial stone and usually a binder material, the mortar. Piled walls without using mortar are called dry stone walls. Today walls of reinforced concrete are often cast in a mold with a similar function.

Functions

  • Bearing walls in buildings
  • Retaining walls or Abfangmauern serve abzutreppen terrain or intercept a steep embankment
  • Dams to impound rivers or lakes
  • Defensive walls: Before the invention of artillery castles and many cities were reinforced by crenellated towers and defensive walls. Since this for a defense have no more significance today, the cities have grown over its ramparts addition, many were dragged there. Historic city walls include the Aurelian Walls or Servian Wall, Rome
  • Boundary walls
  • Prison walls: safety fence for perimeter security of prisons
  • Protection from harmful influences such as radiation protection walls as industrial Strahlensterilisatoren or fragmentation protection walls, for example, between the transformer blocks
  • Privacy screen from unwanted insights
  • Protection and prevention of the emigration of the population, see Berlin Wall

Known walls

  • , Completed walls of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the World to 600 BC
  • Berlin Wall (1961-1989)
  • Great Wall of China, Chinese border fortification, v. since the 5th century BC
  • Hadrian's Wall and Limes, Roman wall, Construction 122 AD
  • Wailing Wall in the Old City of Jerusalem, most important sanctuary of Judaism.
  • City Walls of Jericho, biblical myth
  • Israeli separation barrier in the West Bank
  • Walls of Constantinople Opel, since the 5th century
Dimension stone Dubrovnik Bricklayer Hadrian's Wall Israeli West Bank barrier Integrated Authority File
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